Venn

Diagrams
VENN DIAGRAM
- an instructive way of describing the relationships
between sets and elements.
- made up of circles which represent the sets.
- Formally introduced by John Venn
(1934-1923)
- Similar diagrams were invented by
Leonhard Euler (1708-1783)
U
SINGER DANCER
NORA AUNOR
KANYE
WEST
AVRIL LAVIGNE
GORDON RAMSAY
KIM CHIU
VHONG
DJ LOONYO
 Universal Sets and Venn Diagrams
• The universal set is a general
set that contains all elements
under discussion.
• Universal set is represented
by a rectangle
• Subsets within the universal
set are depicted by circles, or
sometimes ovals or other
shapes.
How to construct and
identify Venn Diagrams?
Example 1
Let U be the universal set and A be a subset
of U
U
A
TRY!!
Let U be the universal set and A and B be
subsets of U
U
B A
Example 2 2 and 5 must be inside
Let U={1,2,3,4,5,6} the circle A as they are
the elements of A
A ={2,5}
U
1
A
2 5
4 3
6
TRY!!
Construct a Venn diagram with the following
sets:
U 2
Let U={1,2…10} B
1
B ={5,8,10} 4 8
10
3 5
7 6 9
Example 3
Let U be the universal U
set of A and B B
Represent A ⊆ B A
TRY!!
Let U be the universal U
set of B and C C
Represent B ⊆ C
B
Example 4
Let U be the universal sets of A and B
A={2,3,4,5}
U
B={4,5,6,7}
Represent A U B A B
2 4 6
Look for the
3 5
intersection first!! 7
TRY!!
Let U be the
universal sets of
U
A,B and C
Represent A U C A B

C
Example 6
M={a,b,c,d}
U
N={b,d,f,h}
Represent M∩N M N
a b f
Look for the c d
intersection first!!
h
TRY!!
M={a,b,c,d}
U
N={b,d,f,h}
O={b} a M N
Represent M∩N∩O c d f
b h
Look for the
intersection first!!
O
Example 7
Let U={1,2,3,4,5,6}
U
Y={1,2,4,5,6}
Find Y’ Y
1 5 2
The elements that are not 4 6
in set Y must be put
outside of its circle.
3
TRY!!
Let U={1,2,3,4,5,6}
U
X={1,2,4}
Find X’ X
1 2
The elements that are not 4
in set X must be put
outside of its circle.
3 5 6
Example 8
A={a,b,c,d,e,f}
U
B={b,d,f}
Find A-B
A b B
Look for the a c d
intersection first!! f
e
TRY!!
A={a,b,c,d,e,f}
U
B={b,d,f}
Find B-A
A b B
Look for the a c d
intersection first!! f
e
Example 10
U={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} U
A={4,6,8} 3 5 10
B={6,7,8,9}
Find A’∩ B’ A 6 B
4 8 7
Look for the 9
intersection first!!
1 2