Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Escalators 1
Escalators 1
Escalators started as amusement and not a practical transport but as a ride at Coney
island from the patent Design.
Jesse . W . Reno
Definition-
An escalator is a moving staircase – a conveyor transport device for carrying people
between floors of a building. The device consists of a motor-driven chain of individually
linked steps that move up or down on tracks, allowing the step treads to remain horizontal.
Etymology
Charles seeberger created the word "escalator" in 1900
'Scala'; as a prefix, 'E' and as a suffix, 'Tor.' His own rough translation of the word thus
created was "means of traversing from", and he intended for the word to be pronounced,
"es‧ʹkæl‧ə‧tər" (es-CAL-a-tor).
Application:
Escalators are used around the world to move pedestrian traffic in places where elevators
would be impractical. Principal areas of usage include department stores , shopping
malls , airports , transit systems, convention centers , hotels , arenas , stadiums , train
stations (subways) and public buildings.
As a safety measure, escalators are required to have moving handrails that keep pace with
the movement of the steps.
•This helps riders steady themselves, especially when stepping onto the moving stairs.
•Occasionally, a handrail will move at a slightly different speed from the steps, causing it to
"creep" slowly forward or backward relative to the steps.
•The loss of synchronization between handrail and step speed can result from slippage and
wear.
• Foremost, physical factors like the vertical and horizontal distance to be spanned must be
considered. These factors will determine the length and pitch of the escalator.
• The escalator should be located where it can be easily seen by the general public. In
department stores, customers should be able to view the merchandise easily.
•Traffic patterns must also be anticipated. In some buildings, the objective is simply to move
people from one floor to another, but in others there may be a more specific requirement,
such as funneling visitors towards a main exit or exhibit.
•The escalators must be designed to carry the required number of passengers. For example, a
single-width escalator traveling at about 1.5 feet (0.5 m) per second can move about 2000
people per hour.
Components
1.Landing platforms
•The top platform contains the motor assembly and the main drive
gear, while the bottom holds the step return idler sprockets.
•The floor plate provides a place for the passengers to stand before
they step onto the moving stairs. This plate is flush with the finished
floor and is either hinged or removable to allow easy access to the
machinery below.
•The comb plate is the piece between the stationary floor plate and
the moving step. It is so named because its edge has a series of
cleats that resemble the teeth of a comb.
•These teeth mesh with matching cleats on the edges of the steps.
•This design is necessary to minimize the gap between the stair and
the landing, which helps prevent objects from getting caught in the
gap.
2. Truss
Criss-cross: They stacks the escalators that go in single direction and reduces
structural space requirement.
1 Step width: 600 / 800 / 1000 2
Power: 300V / 50 Hz / 3p
3 Handrails: Rubber /Stainless steel. 4
Step: stainless steel.
5 Landing plate: anti skid stainless steel. 6
Emergency stop button / Key switch
7 lighting under upper and lower landing steps. 8
Indicator: Failure indicator on control cabinet.
30° inclination This inclination UP” ESCALATOR NEXT TO STAIRCASE : It
provides the highest traveling is preferred that staircases be located
comfort and maximum safety for adjacent to the escalator if the escalator is
the user. the primary means of transport between
35° inclination The 35° escalator is floors.
the most efficient solution as it
requires less space and can be
implemented more cost-effectively.
However, this inclination is
perceived as too steep if rises
exceed 5 m – particularly in
downward travel.
•Standard transportation speed ranges
between 0.5 to 0.65m/s
For a speed of 0.5m/s the theoretical capacity is:
• 600mm step width -4500 persons per hour
• 800mm step width -6750 persons per hour
• 1000mm step width -9000 persons/hour
•escalators having a vertical rise not more than 6 m.
•Minimum head room shall not be less than 2.3 m.
LIFT,ESCALATOR AND MOVING WALKS
•normal
handrail height
not less than
300 mm
Proper inclination Moving walks
• Inclinations of 10°, 11° and
12° are the common
international standard for
inclined moving walks.
• Users find that a 10°
inclination provides the most
comfortable ride. A 12°
inclination is used whenever
the space available is limited.
• Horizontal moving walks can
generally be provided for
inclinations between 0° and
6°.
MOVING WALKS
(Gear box)
(Drive motor)
(Service track) (Comb plates)
(Handrail)
(Pallets)
(Balustrade panels)
(Front plates)
(Decks)
(Pallet chain sprockets)
(Newel ends)
Moving Belt
Pallet Type Moving walkways
These are generally built with mesh metal belts or rubber walking surfaces over
metal rollers.
• Museum exhibits
Moving sidewalks may be used:
Theme parks
The Phantom of the Opera by Andrew Lloyd Webber uses a travelator in the
number 'The Phantom of the Opera' (act one, scene six), to give the illusion the
Phantom and Christine are traveling the catacombs below the Paris Opera House a
great distance to the Phantom's lair on the subterranean lake.
• Public transport
Moving walkways are useful for remote platforms in underground subway/metro
stations, or assisting with lengthier connections between lines, for example:
Metro stations moving walkway
• Skiing
• Moving walkways known as Magic
carpets are also used in ski
resorts
a type
of vertical transport equipment
a conveyor is a slow moving
transport device for conveyor mechanism
that efficiently moves people or
that transports people
FUNCTION goods between floors (levels, carrying people across a horizontal or
decks) of a building, vessel or between floors of a inclined plane over a
other structure.
building. short to medium
distance
a single-width escalator
traveling at about 1.5
speeds of up to 2,000 feet speeds of 90 to 120
SPEED per minute (10 m/s)
feet (0.5 m) per second
feet per minute
can move about 2000
people per hour.