Art Appreciation

Learning Package 5 by: Karen N. Gaspar – College Teacher

Good Morning class… Success consist of going from

FAILURE TO FAILURE without loss of enthusiasm. –Winston
Churchill Staying motivated is arguably one of the most grueling tasks and biggest
stumbling blocks in the mortal being of every student. If you’re feeling less than
driven all too often, perhaps you’ve been painting a flimsy desire or it could also
stem from a lack of self esteem.
Either way, don’t fret as there’s a host of tactics to conquer it. From learning
about your ineffective motivation patterns and escaping your comfort bubble to
dedicating some time for self-enriching activities, you’ll need to reignite that
spark of fire! Stay motivated class I know you could achieve your goal, set your
time and calm your mind and enjoy this learning package that is good for the week.

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General Overview
 My dear students as promise we will now continue our discussion of our
topic “The Artist Medium”. Last week we started this topic and understand
there why we should have this topic and discuss about Medium and
Technique, The Artist and His Medium, The Artist and His Technique and
Mediums of the Visual Arts that focuses on Painting. Hope you are happy
on what you had learned last learning package class.
 Now sit back and relax and fill in your bin my dear students, for this
weeks package we will continue our study about.
 The Artist Mediums: with the topics:
Medium of Visual Arts : Sculpture and
Medium of Visual Arts : Architecture

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 Mediums of Visual Arts: Sculpture
As we know last week that Visual arts are those arts that can be perceived with
our eyes. The most common visual arts are painting, sculpture and architecture.
The mediums of painting has been discussed already lets have the sculpture and
architecture as follows.
 So, what are Sculpture?
 Sculpture is the art of making two- or three- dimensional representative or
abstract forms, by the use of different mediums. (to be discussed later on.)
 In choosing a subject for sculpture, the most important thing to consider is the
material.
 Substances available for sculpture are limitless.
 Some of the earlier sculptures are made from bone or wood.
 Different materials required different methods of handling.
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Types of Mediums in Making Sculpture
 Soft Medium  Hard Medium
 Has freedom. Lend itself to a moderate  Requires the process of cutting and
technique that uses squeezing and taking away from the block.
shaping and continuously adding to it  Carving is confined to the limits of
as the work goes on. wood or stone.
 Modeling allows for the expansion of  Stone and wood is a good example of
gesture. hard medium
 Clay is a good example of soft
medium.

“Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture”

Napoleon Abueva with his sculpture 4
 Two Major Sculpture Processes
 Subtractive Processes (-)
 A process in which unwanted  The construction of a figure by putting
material is cut away.
 Carving of Stone and Wood is a
good example. It is the 2 major
mediums in subtractive process.
Wood
Stone
 Additive Processes (+)
together bits of clay, or by welding
together parts of a metal.
 Final results are produced by putting
together smaller segments of metals.
 May be plastic material and can be
molded like moist clay.
 Materials may be rigid or semi- rigid
like metal wires, rods and plates.
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 Two Types of Sculpture
 Relief  Free-Standing
 Figures which are attached to the  Can be seen from all sides
ground.
 Like the UP Oblation made by
 Like the relief of “Stela of Akhenaten” Guillermo Tolentino in 1949. It is
and the Sculpture made by Ed Castrillo made of bronze and stone.
for the Polytechnic University of the
Philippines.

Free-Standing
Bonifacio Shrine by Ed Stela of Akhenaten Sculpture 6
 Medium of Visual Arts: Sculpture
 Stone and Bronze
 The media most commonly used for sculpture are stone and metal.
 Stone is durable, resistant to elements, fire and other hazards. On the other hand, it
is heavy and breaks easily.
 Marble is the most beautiful of stones. Plenty in Greece and Italy and commonly
used. High gloss and polished; more or less permanent.
 “Pieta” by Michael Angelo in the Vatican City & The head of Ptolemy I are made of
marble.

Ptolemy I Pieta by Michael Angelo 7

 Medium of Visual Arts: Sculpture
 Wood
 Advantage: Really Cheap, Readily Available and easy to cut. Polishes well and has
smooth, shiny surface and beautiful color.
 Relatively light and can be made easily into a variety of shapes. The grain of wood
that could be seen ads to beauty.
 Carved Pulpit of the San Austin Church in Intramuros is an example of Phil. Carving.
 Disadvantage: Limited in Size and Burns Easily. Discolor and Decays easily in the
Phil. Climate.

Sample of Philippine’s wood carving

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 Medium of Visual Arts: Sculpture
 Ivory
 Ivory Statues survive through long periods of time due to the intrinsic value of the
material. Ivory lends itself to technical mastery. Popular to ordinary craftspeople.
 Many statues of saints have heads and arms made of Ivory.
 Ivory lacks the vigor of wooden statues.
 Like wood, it also cracks.
 Seldom used today.

Sample of Ivory Sculpture 9

 Medium of Visual Arts: Sculpture
 Terra Cotta
 Yields to even the slightest pressure and can be worked and re-worked until the artist
has achieved what he wants to do.
 Unfired clay is a fragile material and sculpture in this medium would have a short
life.
 For a more durable work in clay, the sculptor can fire the original in a kiln. “Terra
Cotta” means “Cooked Earth”.
 Usually painted and coated in heavy glaze.
 Breaks and Chips Easily, not strong; cannot stand great strain or weight. Beautiful
and versatile medium.

Terra Cotta Wariors of China Kiln 10

 Medium of Visual Arts: Sculpture
 Other Materials that can be used in Sculpture
 Aluminum
 Chromium
 Steel
 Plastic
Steel Sculpture Aluminum Sculpture
 Chemically Treated Clay & Stone for casting in liquid form
 Class there is no limit what medium you want for your sculpture as long as you can
express what you want to express and it will be appreciated. Some even carve on
food, soap and etc.

Chromium Sculpture 11
Medium of Visual Arts: Architecture
 What is Architecture?
 Art of designing and constructing building.
 Functional definition: to fulfil a need that leads to its creation.
 Materials used and the methods of assembling them are among the factors
contributing to architectural style.
 Materials: stone, wood, brick, concrete, glass.

Architectural Materials 12
 Medium of Visual Arts: Architecture
 Wood
 Common building material
 Advantages: abundance, relative durability, and high tensile and compressions
strength
 Disadvantages: Easily destroyed by moisture, insects, and fire
 Plywood: improved the structural possibilities of wood; stronger than any known
material.

Wooden Architecture 13
 Medium of Visual Arts: Architecture
 Stone
 Material used when permanence is desired
 Concrete:
 made of sand and gravel mixed with cement
 high compressive strength
 doesn’t crumble or break down when subjected to heavy weight
 Does not corrode and is fire resistant
 Stronger: ferro-concrete or reinforced concrete (reinforced with steel)

Sample of Stone Architecture 14

Medium of Visual Arts: Architecture
 Steel
 Tough alloy of iron in variable amounts
 Malleable under proper conditions and greatly hardened by sudden cooling
 Tensile strength
 Made possible the building of the high-rise structures which are very popular
this days.

Steel Architecture 15
 Types of construction: Architecture
 Post-and-intel
 Consists of two vertical posts for support (post) and horizontal one (lintel).
 Generally used for wooden buildings.

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 Types of Construction: Architecture
 Arch
 Dominant in Roman architecture
 Architectural forms built from pieces of wood called voussoirs with joints between
them and are arranged in semi-circle.
 All materials are in compression
 Typical for stone construction: can stand great pressure
 Dome is an extension of the arch
 Roof resembling an inverted cup or hemisphere, formed by round arches or vaults
rising from a round or many-sided base.

Arch Architecture Example 17

 Types of construction: Architecture
 Cantilever
 Any structural part projecting horizontally and anchored at one end only.
 Needs a beam with tensile strength, and does not crack or break easily.
 Largely utilized in buildings with steel as medium. Wood is also used but is limited since
it has a tendency to warp, sag or rot.
 Used in construction of skyscrapers which depends for support upon a steel skeleton.

Cantilever Architecture
Sample

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 Thank you and God speed class…
 So lets stop it there class lets just continue next week. Hope you enjoy the package
and understand its content my dear students  …
 Next package we will continue our study about : Mediums of Visual Arts. We
will have more about this class and we will refer on our reference book.
 Answer our activity after you read the learning package at least twice. Don’t forget
its format or template class. And pass it at your decided mode of submitting your
activity.
 References:
https://prezi.com/czrr0hjilhgm/medium-technique/?frame=7a7cf1a488f175ec7625ae487e14ed1054d33084
https://www.slideshare.net/shinpaiwa/what-is-art-different-definitions-of-art-as-an-introduction-to-contemp
orary-arts
, and our reference book.

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For Educational Purposes Only