THE PREVALENCE OF

MUSCULOSKELETAL
PAIN AMONG SECURITY
GUARDS IN ILIGAN CITY
Rubio, Joana Mae M.
• Musculoskeletal Pain (MSP). This term refers to the pain felt in the neck/
shoulder, lower back, legs, knees or in the foot upon movement or at rest.
• Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). This term refers to the diseases and
disorders that impact musculoskeletal mobility or musculoskeletal system of
the human body.
• Security Guards (SG). This term refers to people working in establishments
that spend most of their time standing and sitting.
• Prevalence. This term refers to the degree to which something is prevalent,
especially the percentage of population that is affected with a particular
disease at a given time.
• Work- related Musculoskeletal Pain (MSP). This term refers to the pain felt
in the neck/ shoulder, lower back, legs, knees or in the foot caused by the
nature of work.
 Introductio
n
• The most prevalent forms of musculoskeletal pain are chronic low back
pain, neck pain, sprained muscles, pain associated with fracture,
shoulder pain, and others (WHO, 2021).

• Aweto et al. (2015) explained, that there is a high prevalence of work-

related musculoskeletal disorder have been recorded among worker to
expose to repetitive and static work, long time standing.

• Security guards work in wide array of settings. Their require to remain static
position for longer periods of time.
• Security guards also work in multiple and various settings and are possibly vulnerable
to experience musculoskeletal pain (MSP).

• Workers who are subjected to extremely repeated and severe effort, a lack of proper
rest, and uncomfortable postures are at an increased risk of both decreased job
competence and musculoskeletal problems (Sundstrup, et al. 2016).

• Spine Institute (2016) the spine is subjected to aberrant forces, which can lead to
degeneration of spinal components such as discs and joints, injury, and unnecessary
wear and strain over time.

• It was supporte,d by Daneshmandi et al. (2017) & (Sundstrup, 2014) that long sitting
times were associated with exhaustion during the working day, decreased job
satisfaction, hypertension, and musculoskeletal disorder symptoms in the shoulders,
lower back, thighs, and knees. and improper lifting technique, which puts unnecessary
strain on the low back structures.
• Daneshmandi et al. (2017) & (Sundstrup, 2014) that long sitting times were
associated with exhaustion during the working day, decreased job satisfaction,
hypertension, and musculoskeletal disorder symptoms in the shoulders, lower
back, thighs, and knees. and improper lifting technique, which puts
unnecessary strain on the low back structures.
• Security guards spend approximately all of their working hours in a standing
position. This increases vulnerability to such risks of prolonged standing than
other occupations, such as machining and cutting, welders, who perform
repetitive movement, twisting, and vibrations, among other aspects, in
addition to prolonged standing (Kaur et. al. (2015)
 Gap of the Study

• Although studies about the prevalence of MSDs that is work-related such

as, vehicle service technicians (Nasaruddin, 2016), District Hospital
Nurses (Nguyen, T. et al. 2020), school teachers (Erick and Smith, 2011)
were already conducted, the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among
the Security Guards in Iligan City are not yet studied.
 Objectives

• This study aims to determine the prevalence of MSP among the

Security guards of Iligan City.
 Research Questions

1.What is the common site of MSP among SG of Iligan City?

2. Does MSP interfere with ADL?

3. Is there a relationship between age, gender, working hours, length of

employment and MSP?
 Hypothesis

• HO There is a higher prevalence of SG not complaining of MSP

• HA There is a higher prevalence of SG complaining of MSP

 Scope and Delimitations

• This study will only focus on Security guards experiencing MSP

working in the establishments in Iligan City.
 Significance of the Study
• The Future Researcher. The results of this study will help the researcher determine
work- related MSP among SG and provide interventions with the help of local
government units to offer Security Guards health access to specialists. Further,
results will also enable researchers to spread awareness regarding the possibility of
having MSP.

• The Security Guards. The results of this study will raise awareness and help them
determine the possibilities of work-related factors linked with MSP which will
enable them to be physically and mentally healthy, thus resulting to improved work
efficiency and productivity.

• The Future Physical Therapists. They will be able to address such problems
among SG of Iligan City.
 Conceptual
Framework
INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE VARIABLE

Security Guards in
Iligan City Measuring Tools
MSP cases among SG in
*Survey through different establishments
*Age
questionnaire
* Gender
* Working hours
*Length of employment
 Research Design
• This study will utilize a quantitative-descriptive method in analyzing
the data gathered from the survey. A quantitative research design is
used to assess the prevalence of MSP among security guards in Iligan
city and statistically treating the data acquired from the respondents’
answers.
Sampling Design
• Simple random sampling is described as a sampling strategy in which
every item in the population has an equal probability of being picked
in the sample. Participants will be picked at random from numerous
establishments in Iligan City, Lanao de Norte.
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Security Guards of age 18-45.
2. Both male and female gender are selected.
3. Working hours: 6-24 Hours
5. Length of employment: at least 1 year
Exclusion Criteria:
1. History of trauma.
2. Any diagnosed cases of local and systemic infection and malignancies.
3. Any history of fractures.
4. Any recent spinal injury
5. Females who are pregnant
6. Any Spinal deformities
Research Locale
• This study will be conducted among security guards in different
establishments like hospitals, schools, banks, malls and companies in
Iligan city. Iligan is a first-class highly urbanized city in the
Philippines' Northern Mindanao area. It has a population of 342,618
people, according to the 2015 census. It is physically located inside the
province of Lanao del Norte, but it is a separate district of the province
with its own local political authority.
Research Instrument
• An online survey questionnaire is used as a research instrument in this
study. And it is the main data collection instrument that is used in this
study for the data gathering process to get quantitative data. The
researcher adapted several questions from various studies and surveys
on the prevalence of MSP among security guards.
Data Gathering Procedure
• The researcher will go to the selected establishments of Iligan City to
conduct the survey. The respondents will be asked to answer the
survey sheet provided to them as honestly as they can. Moreover,
respondents will be assured that their identities will not be disclosed
and treated anonymously. After collecting the data, the researcher will
then synthesize the answered survey sheets, tally the scores, and
statistically analyze the data. Ultimately, the data will then be
interpreted accordingly by the researcher in order to answer the
research questions.
 Procedure of the Study
1.A research proposal is submitted to the research adviser and panelists.
2.The researcher conducts a survey that would match the study’s distinctiveness.
3.The occupational establishments within the criteria of the study are approached for
approval to conduct a survey on the security guards.
4.Security guards within the criteria are approached in person and will be presenting a
demographic questionnaire, and inquiries on MSP.
5.If the security guards decide to participate, they will immediately be given a consent
form.
6.After the security guards finish the survey, the responses will pass through the inclusion
criteria and exclusive criteria.
7.Once the included data has been collected, the statistician will handle with computing the
information.
8.Computed data will be analyzed and interpreted by the researcher.
Estimated Cost
No. Items Total amount

50 Survey Questionnaire PHP 1000

School Supplies (other) PHP 200.00

50 Token PHP 300.00

Transportation Fare PHP 500.00

TOTAL AMOUNT = PHP 2000.00

Statistical Analysis

• In this paper, both descriptive and quantitative analyses were used.

Descriptive analysis includes statistical procedures that are used to
describe the population.

• 1.Kruskal-Wallis Sum Rank test; and

• 2.Wilcoxon Sum Rank test
Ethical Consideration
• The researcher will take full responsibility on the disclosure of
respondent identity. Information regarding the participant’s identity
will be known by the researcher only. The participants are made sure
to be well-informed regarding the purposes and procedures of this
study. The participants are obliged to read the informed consent form
before signing. All data gathered will be used for this study only.
THANKYOU
&
GODBLESS!