THE IDEOLOGY IN

TRANSLATION

References:
• Sugeng Hariyadi (Ideologi Penerjemah dalam Penerjemahan
Sastra/PPT)
• Rochayah Machali (Ideologi Dalam Penerjemahan/PPT)
 GENERAL DEFINITION
Ideology: ‘a system of ideas and ideals, especially
one which forms the basis of economic or political
theory and policy’ (The New Oxford Dictionary of
English. 1989).

Tahir-Gurcaglar (2003): “Translation is political

because, both as activity and product, it displays
process of negotiation among different agents
(translators, authors, critics, publishers, editors, and
readers)
 Hatim
What is Ideology in Translation?
&
set of s Mason (200 Ideology plays an
upposi 0): “id
ideas a tions w eology important role in
nd ben h ich in is a
social efits of dicate translation practice. The
institut a p e r t he
presen i on, e t c s o n, grou
t ed i n t . which p, process of translation is
he form is final manipulated by ideology,
of lang ly
uage” which involves both the
Ideologi pen
erjemahan a translator's individual
prinsip atau dalah
keyakinan t ideology and the
“betul-salah entang
” atau “baik
dalam pene -buruk” dominant ideology of the
rjemahan, y
terjemahan ai t u society.
seperti apa
bagi pemba yang terbaik
ca dan terje
seperti apa y mahan
ang cocok d
pembaca. an disukai
Ideologi siapa?
Menyajikan vs mengambil alih
Menyajikan Mengambil alih
• Mengusung
pesan yang • Mengambil
sama dan pesan dan
menyajikan menjadikannya
segala elemen milik sendiri.
linguistik • Konvensi
bahasa sumber. Bahasa sasaran
TWO BASIC TRANSLATION
STRATEGIES by L. Venuti (1995)
1. Foreignization: the strategy of retaining
information from the ST/SL, and involves
deliberately breaking the conventions of the
TL to preserve its meaning.
2. Domestication: the strategy of making text
closely conform to the culture of the language
being translated to, which may involve the
loss of information from the ST/SL.
 Foreignization is based on retaining the culture-
specific items of the original, e.g.: personal
names, national cuisine, historical figures, street
or local institutions.
 Domestication focuses on minimizing the
strangeness of the foreign text for the target
language readers by introducing the common
words used in the target language instead of
providing readers with foreign terms.
 Translation and Ideology

Hatim and Mason (1997) make a distinction between (1)‘the

ideology of translating’ and (2) ‘the translation of
ideology’
(1)’The ideology of translating’ refers to the basic
orientation chosen by the translator operating, within a
social and cultural context (orientasi dasar yang dipilih
oleh penerjemah ketika menerjemahkan dalam konteks
sosial dan budaya tertentu), misalnya memilih antara
‘domesticating’ ataukah ‘foreignizing’ (target-oriented or
source-oriented).
Catatan: seringkali ini disebut ‘strategi’, dalam pandangan
kebahasaan.
(2) ‘The translation of ideology’ refers to the extent
to which translators intervene in the transfer
process, feeding their own knowledge and beliefs
into processing a text (‘mediasi’ yang dilakukan
oleh penerjemah ketika menerjemahkan,
khususnya teks yang sensitif , misal teks politik,
hukum, dll).
Hatim & Mason mendefinisikan ‘mediasi’ sebagai
sejauh mana penerjemah bisa melakukan
intervensi dalam proses menerjemahkan, misalnya
pengetahuan, maksud dan tujuan penerjemah.
Mediasi dan intervensi penerjemah

*Mediasi ini bisa dianggap sebagai ‘the voice of the

translator’. Dalam banyak hal, mediasi itu mengungkap
inisiatif atau motif yang mendasari pilihan penerjemah.
Mediasi tersebut juga menyingkapkan pandangan
penerjemah mengenai penerjemahan; bagaimana ia
memandang BSu (Bahasa sumber) termasuk apakah
ada tujuan-tujuan ideologis yang ingin dicapainya.

Di bagian-bagian berikut disajikan beberapa contoh

hasil terjemahan dengan berbagai macam mediasi (dan
intervensi ke Teks Sumber atau Tsu)
 Mediasi: contoh foreignizing 1 -alasan penerjemah
Teks Sumber (Tsu)
Some scientists believe that the discovery of crown of
thorns spines in old reef sediments indicates that
population explosions have occurred from time to
time in the past before humans became a factor in reef
ecology.
Teks Sasaran (TSa )
Sebagian ilmuwan percaya bahwa penemuan spina
‘crown of thorns’ dalam endapan karang tua
menunjukkan bahwa ledakan populasi telah terjadi
dari waktu ke waktu di masa lampau sebelum manusia
menjadi suatu faktor dalam ekologi terumbu.
Mediasi: contoh Foreignizing 2 - kuasa penerbit dan penulis asli

from Harry Potter:

TSu
Mr. and Mrs. Dursley, of number four, Privet Drive,
were proud to say that they were perfectly normal, thank
you very much.
TSa
Mr. and Mrs. Dursley, yang tinggal di nomor 4 Privet
Drive dengan bangga mengatakan bahwa mereka betul-
betul normal, untunglah.
Catatan: hampir di seluruh novel banyak terjadi
foreignizing.
Contoh Domestication
Dari Harry Potter:
TSu
Mr. and Mrs. Dursley, of number four, Privet Drive,
were proud to say that they were perfectly normal, thank
you very much.

TSa
Tuan dan Nyonya Dursley, yang tinggal di nomor 4
Privet Drive dengan bangga mengatakan bahwa mereka
betul-betul normal, untunglah.
Domestication of cultural terms in the novel Gadis Pantai
(written by Pramudya Ananta Toer, 1962) into The Girl
from the Coast (translated by Samuels):

1. Tsu: Dia dapat persen minum air gula-jawa.

Tsa: He gets some molasses.
2. Tsu: Ia tidur di bale kawani emak.
Tsa: She had joined her mother on the sleeping
platform.
3. TSu: …belum juga mereka berpapasan dengan dokar
lainnya. Grobak pun tak ada mereka papasi.
Tsa: …had yet to meet another vehicle, even an oxcart.

Source Language:
Manufacturing engineering
may be defined as designing the
production process for a product.
Although there is a large
difference of opinion on exactly
what is included in the design of a
production process, almost all
people would generally agree
With the above definition.
Production or manufacturing
engineering includes all
considerations pertaining to the
process of production. This
includes such functions as the
following:
Target Language:
Perekayasaan manufaktur dapat
didefinisikan sebagai perancangan
proses produksi sebuah produk.
Meskipun terdapat perbedaan
pendapat yang besar mengenai
apa sebetulnya yang termasuk ke
dalam desain sebuah proses
produksi, pada umumnya hampir
semua orang akan setuju dengan
definisi di atas. Produksi atau
perekayasaan manufaktur meliputi
semua pertimbangan yang berkaitan
dengan proses produksi tersebut
meliputi fungsi-fungsi berikut ini.
1. Evaluating the
manufacturability of the
product.
2. Selecting processes and
setting process parameters
such as cutting tool material,
size, and shape; cutting speed;
depth of cut; and so on.
3. Designing work-holding
devices (jigs and fixtures) to
secure and control the
position of the work piece
during manufacture.
4. Estimating the cost of
manufacturing the part.
5. Assuring the quality of the
part produced.
1. Mengevaluasi manufakturibilitas
dari produk tersebut.
2. Memilih proses dan menyiapkan
parameter proses seperti bahan
untuk alat pemotong, ukuran, dan
bentuk; kecepatan memotong;
kedalaman potongan; dst.
3. Merancang alat-alat pemegang
benda (jigs and fixtures) guna
menjamin dan mengontrol posisi
benda yang dikerjakan selama
pembuatan.
4. Memperkirakan biaya
pembuatan produk.
5. Menjamin kualitas dari produk.
Students who are practicing
speaking and listening
benefit from feedback which
provides new opportunities
and unique forms of feedback
such as a visual
representation of their voice
patterns compared to that of
a native speaker.
(SL)
Para siswa yang sedang
berlatih mengembangkan
kemampuan berbicara dan
menyimak bisa memperoleh
manfaat dari umpan balik,
khususnya umpan balik
yang membuka kesempatan
baru dan yang sifatnya unik
semisal pola intonasi
mereka dibandingkan
dengan pola intonasi
penutur asli.
(TL)
 Your turn now!!!
 Be in pairs and do the following instructions!
 Take a look on the ST on the next slides, then
translate them into Indonesian,
 Then observe and analyze the foreignization or
domestication used by the translator to translate
those texts!
 Report your findings!
As indicated in the article already
referred to, the average teacher engaged
in teaching English to science and
technology students finds considerable
difficulty in adjusting to a teaching
situation very different from the one for
which he was originally trained.
Both archeological evidence and
local oral tradition, as well as place
names of Javanese origin to be found
in Southeast Sulawesi, suggest that
much of the trade was in the hand of
Javanese, who frequently sailed along
the coast on their way to the spice
islands.
HAPPY TRANSLATING!!!