Period 1

Warm up: Study case:

A patient whose age is 41 is suffering from several symptoms including weight
loss and poor appetite, swollen ankles feet or hands – as a result of water
retention, shortness of breath, tiredness, blood in (urine), an increased need to
urination– particularly at night, difficulty in sleeping, itchy skin.
The doctor diagnose his case so what do you think the patient is suffering from?
A problem in:
1. circulatory system
2. Nervous system
3. Excretory system
The Excretory
PAGES 913-914
System
Building vocabulary
Excretion • Glomerulus
Ureter • Bowman’s capsule
Urinary bladder • Reabsorption
Urethra • Loop of Henle
Nephron • Urea
Filtration • Dialysis
Objectives
Define the term excretion.
Give examples of some metabolic
wastes.
https://youtu.be/mYK2Id5bWpI?feature=shared
Purpose of the Excretory System
• Our cells use oxygen and nutrients to function and
produce various metabolic waste products including:
• Urea: a substance formed when protein is broken down in
the liver, and
• Carbon dioxide: a by-product of cellular respiration.
• The organs of the excretory system are responsible for
removing these harmful metabolic waste products from
the blood, so they don’t build up to high concentrations.
• In the process, they must retain the nutrients and water for
the body to function properly.
• One of the main functions of the excretory system is to
prevent too much or too little water in the body.
Excretion
•Excretion: is the process by which
metabolic wastes are eliminated from the
body to maintain homeostasis
Metabolic wastes examples:
-Ammonia (produced when amino acid is used for energy)
-Urea
-Uric acid
-Creatinine ( produced when Creatine is used to supply energy for the
muscles)
-Carbon dioxide
The excretory system
Includes the skin, Lungs,
Liver and Kidneys.
Ureters, urinary bladder,
urethra .
The excretory system
Skin
Function: removes excess
water , salts and a small
amount of urea in sweat
 The excretory system
Lungs
Function: Excretes carbon dioxide and small amounts
of water vapor when you exhale

 Liver
Function: converts dangerous nitrogen-based wastes
into urea, which is a less toxic compound. Urea is then
transported through the blood to the kidneys for
elimination from the body
The excretory system
Kidneys
- Major organs of excretion are the kidneys
- Kidneys are a fist-sized organs located on either side of the
spinal column near the lower back
- Function: removes excess water, urea and metabolic
wastes from the blood, the kidneys produce and excrete a
waste product called urine
- Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary
bladder, where urine is stored until it is released through
the urethra
 Exit ticket: BUILDING
VOCABULARY
Identify the term being described by
the following definitions
 N
A selective filter organ that retains the
important substances in the body and
remove other metabolic wastes
 R
A process by which metabolic wastes
are eliminated from the body to
maintain homeostasis
E X C RE T I ON
A process by which metabolic wastes
are eliminated from the body to
maintain homeostasis
 T
It transports the urine from the
kidney to bladder
 D
It is a temporary storage of urine until
it is release in the urethra
 R
An organ that converts ammonia into
less toxic urea
 G
An organ that exhales CO2 as product
of excretion
 H

this is where the urine is released

Period 2
Objectives
Explain how urea is made in the human
body.
Warm up: (Group Work)(Search for it)
Define deamination.
How urea is formed ?
What is the fate of excess amino acids in the
liver?
Deamination:
Is the removal of amino group (NH2) from the amino acid in the
form of Ammonia (NH3)
Ammonia is a highly toxic molecule and it is highly soluble in the
blood ( It could generate toxicity in the brain)

The Process of generating ammonia is called deamination

The Process of generating urea from ammonia is called urea cycle.
How urea is made in the body
Steps of degrading amino acid and Urea
Formation:
1. The large blood vessels carries amino acid that is digested from protein through the
gastrointestinal tract to the liver.
2. Some amino acids are transported by the blood to other body parts to be used (ex: muscles)
3. Excess amino acids are deaminated to form carbohydrates and urea.
A. In deamination amino group from amino acids will be eliminated forming ammonia (Toxic) (NH2
into NH3) then this ammonia enters to urea cycle to form urea which is a less toxic molecule and
then it would be excreted from the body in the form of urine with the help of kidney.
B. The remaining part of amino acid form carbohydrates that may be used as:
A. Glucose source of energy
B. Glycogen the stored form of energy in the liver

4. Then Urea to be excreted and amino acids to be used by the body are taken away by the blood.
Exit Ticket: (Peer Assessment )
Draw a Diagram showing the steps of
Deamination and Urea formation.
Period 3
Objectives

Describe the parts of the urinary

system.
Compare and contrast the urethra in
males and females.
Components of the Urinary System

ureter
kidney

urethra

bladder
1. Kidneys
• The kidneys filter all the blood in your
body to remove urea from the blood.

• You have two kidneys: each is bean-

shaped and about the size of your fist.

• Your kidneys produce urine, which is a

combination of excess water and waste
products.
2. Ureters
• There are two ureters that connect each kidney with the bladder and
carry the urine from the kidney to the bladder.

kidney

ureters

bladder
3. Bladder
• The bladder is a balloon-like organ that collects the urine before
excreting it during urination.

bladder

urethra
4. Urethra
• The urethra is a tube that connects the bladder to the outside of the
human body where the urine is excreted.

bladder

urethra
Kidneys
•Kidneys are the two bean-shaped organs that
produce urine
•It is a selective filter
Ureters: about 10-12 inches long muscular tube;
it transports the urine from the kidney to urethra
Urinary bladder: a temporary storage of urine
until it is released in the urethra.
The normal capacity of the bladder is 400-600
mL of urine
Urethra: This is where the urine is released
 Main Processes in the
Excretory System
Filtration: all the blood in the body passes through the kidneys as part of
the circulatory system. The kidneys filter the blood to remove unwanted
minerals, urea, and excess water. Some water is removed so that the
metabolic waste products can be excreted.

Absorption: once the blood is filtered, the substances the body needs
are reabsorbed into the blood so that they’re not lost in the urine.

Diffusion: the substances are transported into and out of the specialised
cells of the kidney through diffusion.

Excretion: the kidneys funnel the liquid urine through the ureters to the
bladder where it’s stored. When the bladder has filled up, it uses
muscles to force the urine out of the body through the urethra, which is
called excretion.
Male and female urethra:
The male urethra is longer than the female urethra since it has to pass through the penis as well.
The main difference between male and female urethra is that male urethra belongs to both
urinary and reproductive systems whereas female urethra only belongs to the urinary system
 R
A nitrogen-based waste present in the
urine
 H

this is where the urine is released

 T
It transports the urine from the kidney
to urethra
 N
A selective filter organ that retains the
important substances in the body and
remove other metabolic wastes
 R
A nitrogen-based waste present in the
urine
 D
It is a temporary storage of urine until
it is release in the urethra