Short Quiz : 2nd week

of the month
Long Quiz : Last week
of the Month
Understandi
ng the
Basics of
Oral
Communicat
ion
 The level of success that you
experience in life, the happiness,
joy, love, external rewards, and
impact that you create is the direct
result of how you communicate to
yourself and to others. The quality
of your life is the quality of your
communication.
-Anthony Robbins,
motivational writer
Learning Competencies
Define communication
Explain the nature and process of
communication
Differentiate the various models of
communication
Distinguish the unique feature(s) of one
communication process from the other
Discuss common misconceptions of
human communication
 “ Without thinking,
there is no language.
Without language,
people cannot
communicate.”
- A.J. Casambre, a professor
emeritus
After babysitting his 3-year old
grandson, the grandfather wants to
send the grandson home.
Grandpa : Come, Francis, I’ll bring
you home in my car.
Little boy : My house isn’t too far. I
can walk with my sister.
Grandpa : (smiles in apparent
amusement; hugs him goodbye)
 For the world is a stage
and we are all actors in
the drama titled, LIFE –
communicating our
dreams and aspirations,
joys and pains.
1. Communication
helps us to define and
understand ourselves
and our environment.
(self-definition)
2. Communication
breaks down barriers
between two or more
persons, leading to
relationships.
(relation-building)
3. Communication
creates bonding in
groups and affirms the
human need to belong.
(fostering acceptance
and sense of belonging)
4. Communication
facilitates cooperative
action toward goal
attainment.
(concerted action and
purpose)
5. Communication
informs and enlightens
people to facilitate
deliberate and informed
judgment.
(empowerment
through knowledge)
6. Communication leads
to enduring friendships
and intimacy between
individuals and among
groups.
(bonding, strengthening,
and maintaining human
relationship)
7. Communication primes
us to understand and
respect cultural diversity.
(tolerance of differing
thought)
8. Communication
catalyzes growth and
development of society
through dynamic
participation of its
citizens.
(nation-building)
 2 essential avenues for growth as
communicators namely :
the individual and society composed of
families, groups, communities, and
citizens of a nation. Communication
leads to understanding and forging of
friendships, two lifelong learning skills
vital to success.
A.Representation of
structure
B.An object of imitation
C.Something that
accurately resembles
something else
Scale
model
Refers to people known for
their traits that others
desire to emulate. Thus,
models are guides,
exemplars, and miniatures
of reality.
one-way flow of oral
communication
Aristotle who taught
that “politics is the
highest form of
public service”
Speaker, speech,
audience
Schramm’s Model of
Communication
Schramm’s Model :
Shows an interactive process taking
place between two communicators
It was among the first to introduce
the cyclical and simultaneous
process involving communication
between encoder and decoder
Schram Decoder
m’s 3rd
Model
Interpreter

Encoder
 Schramm’s Third Model

interprete
r
Drawing from her own
personal experience Receives the message
(interpretation) becomes in light of his own
the sender of the personal experience
message)
Schramm’s Fourth Model
(1954)

Message
Schramm’s Second
Model
In 1948, Harold Lasswell, a
social scientist introduced a
verbal model of communication
that presented 5 elements of
linear pattern
He gave much thought and study
the security of countries and
nations after seeing the loss of
lives and monumental
3 Key Functions of Communication :
1.Surveillance – performed by diplomats and
country’s political leaders
2.Correlation – Journalists, writers, educators,
survey-takers
3.Transmission – parents and elders (home and
family), pastors, priests, educators (school), elders,
social workers, volunteers (community) who help
preserve, foster and strengthen moral values by their
teachings and examples
Mechanical
model of
communicat
ion applied
today?
Shannon-Weaver Model
(1949)
Note :
Noise can be expanded to any kind of
disturbance or obstacle such as delayed
reading of texts, poor/inefficient server,
empty battery, poorly constructed or
abbreviated text messages, and even
unattended cell phones.
I am a 69-year old grandma who is
gregarious, sociable, and loves
conversation at dinner table with
close friends. Even new
acquaintances can become new
friends. There are many times now
at my age that I miss the sparkle of
conversation. My grandchildren
who are in their pre-teens and
early adolescence enjoy playing
games on their gadgets. This
interest reaches and spills over into
much of the family mealtime.
 TEACHER STUDENT
Communicating Communicating
Skills Skills
Knowledge Knowledge
Attitude Attitude

Sociocultural Sociocultural
Pillars of
System System
Learning
196
7
It shows the process of communication as
one that progresses or moves forward in
cyclical manner- moving forward but
coming back upon itself.
It means that what has happened in the past
influences what we say or communicate
today.
What we say or communicate today
influences the future.
Ruesch-Bateson
Model
public

interpersonal

intrapersona
l
1.

2.
 2 Forms of
Interpersona
l
Communicat
ion
 (variations: intercultural,
multicultural)-
3. communications occurs in
verbal and non-verbal modes
in order to promote
friendship, understanding,
and goodwill between and
among cultural communities
or nations.
 -communication between the
source (speaker, broadcaster)
and a wide, vast audience of
listeners; in print media
communication between
4. writers, journalists, news
reporters and
readers/subscribers
5.
-communication
usually occurs
between a
speaker
Monroe and Ehninger (1974)-
 There are three levels or relational forms of
communication namely :
1.Interpersonal
2.Small group
3.Public
Note : Public communication is defined as
communication that occurs between a speaker and
several listeners, or in short, a large group
 8 Successive Stages of the Oral
Communication Process
1.Thinking – a desire, feeling, or an emotion
gives a speaker stimulus to communicate a need.
2.Symbolizing – before a speaker can utter
sounds and meaningful words, he needs to know
or be familiar with the code of oral language he
chooses to express himself in.
3. Expressing – the speaker then uses his voice
(vocal mechanism) to produce the sounds of
language, accompanied by his facial expression,
eye contact, gestures, and body stance.
4. Transmitting – waves of sound spreading at
1,000 feet per second and waves of light travelling
at a speed of 186,000 miles per second carry the
speaker’s message to his listeners.
5. Receiving – sound waves impinge upon the
listener’s ears after which the resulting nerve
impulses reach the brain via the auditory nerve;
light waves strike the listener’s eyes after which
the resulting nerve impulses reach the brain via
optic nerve.
6. Decoding – the listener interprets the speaker’s
message with his understanding of language
symbols.
7. Feedbacking – the listener may behave with a nod,
smile, laughter, frown, or yawn, or may not manifest
(openly) any behaviour.
8. Monitoring – while the speaker watches for signs of
his message being received and understood (or
misunderstood) among his listeners, he is also aware of
what is going on inside him; the speaker is receiving
and decoding messages about himself from the
feedback of his audience.
8. Monitoring – while the speaker watches
for signs of his message being received and
understood (or misunderstood) among his
listeners, he is also aware of what is going
on inside him; the speaker is receiving and
decoding messages about himself from
feedback of his audience.
 Modes of
Speech
Mode – a way
Communicati or manner of
on doing or being
 2 Modes of
Oral
Communicat
ion
Context in
Context – (old definition) meant the
construction of speech where the
speaker or composer of the message
carefully connected all the parts of
his/her speech.
 Context – (today’s definition)
means the immediate or particular
situation having a background or
social setting, and a physical
surrounding or a venue of
communication. More than physical
space, light, sound, and seating
arrangement, context draws on
sociocultural systems that require or
expect people to act or behave
according to norms and standards of
acceptable behaviour.
Defining