TAHANAN dan

PROPULSI

ME091311 ( 4 SKS)
Jurusan Teknik Sistem Perkapalan
ITS Surabaya
 Propulsion System
EHP : Effective Horse Power
THP : Thrust Horse Power
DHP : Delivered Horse Power
SHP : Shaft Horse Power
BHP : Brake Horse Power

EHP : the power we would have

to use to tow the ship without Vs
propulsive system
Daya Efektif
EHP
T : Thrust
(Gaya Dorong)

RT
THP : the power produced THP DHP SHP BHP
by the propeller’s thrust
Propulsion System
 Prime Mover (Penggerak Utama )
 Transmission System
 Propulsor Vs
Prime Mover Types
 Steam Engine
 Steam Turbine
 Diesel Engine
 Gas Turbine
 Nuclear
1. Steam Engine / Mesin Uap

Advantages:
1) good controllability at all loads,
2) to be reversed easily
3) rpm (rotations per minute) matches that of propellers

Disadvantages:
1) very heavy
2) occupy more space
3) the output of power per cylinder is limited
4) fuel consumption is high
2. Steam Turbine / Turbin Uap

Advantages:
1) deliver a uniform turning torque, good performance for
large
2) thermal efficiency is high

Disadvantages:
1) is nonreversible
2) rpm is too high, need a gear box to reduce its rotating
speed
3. Diesel engine / Motor Diesel

Advantages:
1) are built in all sizes, fitted in ships ranging from small
boats to large super tankers, (less 100 hp ~ >30,000 hp);
2) High thermal efficiency

Disadvantages:
1) Heavy cf. gas turbines
4. Gas Turbine / Turbin Gas

Advantages:
1) Do not need boiler, very light
2) Offer continuous smooth driving, & need very short
“warm” time

Disadvantages:
1) expensive in cost and maintenance
2) need a gear unit to reduce rpm.
5. Nuclear

Advantages:
1) do not need boiler, fuel weight is very small
2) operate full load for very long time (submarine)

Disadvantages:
1) weight of reactor and protection shield are heavy
2) Environment problem, potential pollution
Transmission System Types
 Mechanical Type
 Electrical Type
 Hydraulic Type
 Propulsor Types
Paddle-Wheels: While the draft varying with ship displacement,
the immersion of wheels also varies. The wheels may come out
of water when the ship is rolling, causing erratic course-keeping,
& they are likely to damage from rough seas.

Propellers: Its first use was in a steam-driven boat at N.Y. in

1804. Advantages over paddle-wheels are,
1) not substantially affected by normal changes in draft;
2) not easily damaged;
3) decreasing the width of the ship, &
4) good efficiency driven by lighter engine.
Since then, propellers have dominated in use of marine
propulsion.
Paddle Wheels Propulsion (Stern)
Paddle Wheels Propulsion (Midship)
Propeller (5-blade)
Propeller (5-blade) & Rudder
Jet type: Water is drawn by a pump & delivered sternwards as a
jet at a high velocity. The reaction providing the thrust. It’s use
has been restricted to special types of ships.

Other propulsion Devices:

1. Nozzles (Duct) Propellers: main purpose is to increase the

thrust at low ship speed (tug, large oil tanker)
2. Vertical-Axis Propellers: Advantage is to control the direction
of thrust. Therefore, the ship has good maneuverability.
3. Controllable-Pitch Propellers (CPP): The pitch of screw can
be changed so that it will satisfy all working conditions.
4. Tandem and Contra-rotating Propellers: It is used because
the diameter of a propeller is restricted due to limit of the draft
or other reasons (torpedo). The efficiency of the propeller
usually decreases.
 Jet
Propulsion
Nozzle Propellers
Vertical-Axis Propellers
Vertical-Axis Propellers
Controllable Pitch Propellers (CPP)
Contra-rotating Propellers