SIMPLE STRAIN

ADOPTED BY
ENGR. RPVELASCO
Objectives:
You should be able to…
• explain the concept of strain
• compute deformation of a body subjected
to axial loading
• analyze indeterminate structures
Stress-Strain Test
Proportional limit is that point from the origin O that the
stress-strain diagram forms a straight line, the stress is
proportional to strain. Theories involving behavior of elastic
bodies is based on the stress-strain proportionality.
Elastic limit is the stress beyond which the material will not
return to its original shape when unloaded, thus, will have a
permanent deformation called permanent set.
Yield point is that which there is an appreciable elongation or
yielding of the material without any corresponding increase of
load.
Ultimate stress or ultimate strength is the highest stress in the
stress-strain curve.
Rupture stress or rupture strength is the stress at which failure
occurs.
Strain is a dimensionless quantity,
however, m/m, mm/mm, ft./ft., or in./in.
are commonly used when referring to
strain.
Classifications
• Axial Strain
• Shearing Strain
• Bulk Strain
• Thermal Strain
 Axial Strain
Tensile or compressive
Hooke’s Law: Axial Deformation

Slope of the stress-strain curve =

Which is usually written in the form
Hooke’s Law: Axial Deformation

𝑷 𝜹
=𝑬
𝑨 𝑳

The above equation can be rewritten in the following forms:

𝑷𝑳 𝝈 𝑳
𝜹= 𝒐𝒓 𝜹=
𝑨𝑬 𝑬
Where:
P is the force applied (Newton)
L is the original length
A is the cross sectional area (square meter)
E is the Young Modulus (Pa)
is the change of length/deformation (m)
P1. When an axial load is applied to the ends of the bar
shown in Fig. E2.1–1, the total elongation of the bar
between joints A and C is 0.15 in. In segment (2), the
normal strain is measured as 1,300 min./in. Determine:
(a) the elongation of segment (2).
(b) the normal strain in segment (1) of the bar.

Problem
Figure E2.1–1 Statement
 Solution
a) From the definition of normal strain, the elongation in segment (2) can be computed as

(b) The combined elongations of segments (1) and (2) is given as 0.15 in.
Therefore, the elongation that occurs in segment (1) must be

The strain in segment (1) can now be computed:

Problem
Statement
 Strain in the Compound Bars
If the stress or strain in the bar is not uniform,
the axial strain varies with x-coordinate and
the elongation of the bar can be obtained by
integration.
Where:
P is the force applied (Newton/lbs
L is the original length (m/ft)
A is the cross sectional area (square meter)
E is the Young Modulus (Pa /psf)
is the change of length/deformation (m)
Illustrative Problem:
The steel propeller shaft ABCD carries the axial
loads shown in the figure. Determine the
change in the length of the shaft caused by
these loads. E = 29 × 106 psi for steel.
 [ ]
𝑷𝑳 𝟏 (𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 )(𝟓) ( 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟒) (𝟒 𝟎𝟎𝟎 )(𝟒)
𝛅=∑ = + − 𝒇𝒕
𝑨𝑬 𝟐𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 𝟔 𝝅 𝟐 𝝅 𝟐 𝝅 𝟐
(𝟎 .𝟓) (𝟎 . 𝟕𝟓) ( 𝟎 .𝟕 𝟓)
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒

𝛅=𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟔 𝒊𝒏.
Shear Strain

Deformation is parallel to force applied

 Theta increases then shear strain is negativ

Sign Convention

Theta decreases then shear

strain is negative
Bulk strain
• Is the change of volume per unit
volume
Thermal Strain