ARTICLES

GROU
● In English there are three articles: a, an and the. They
are used before a nouns or noun equivalents and are a

PS
type of adjectives.
INDEFINITE DEFINITE
(Not specific) (Specific)

SINGULAR a/ an The
NOUN (countable) (uncountable)
PLURAL Some The
NOUN (not an article)
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Ex:

PS
 We are looking for an apartment.
 An unhappy boy.
 I ate an apple yesterday.
 The boy sitting next to me raised his
hands.
 Some apples.
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● Use no article with plural count nouns or any non-
count nouns used to mean all or in general.

PS
Ex: Trees are beautiful in the fall.
I do not like coffee.
● Use “the” with: united countries, large regions,
deserts, peninsulas, oceans, seas, gulfs, canals, rivers,
mountain ranges, group of islands.
Ex: The Sahara dessert
The United Arab Emirates
The Sacramento river.
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PS
● Do not use “the” with: streets, parks, cities,
states, most countries, continents, bays,
single, lakes, single mountains, islands.
Ex: Japan, Mt. Everest, San Francisco Bay
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1. What is __ capital city of Australia?

PS
2. My mother saw a nice dress in ___ store, so
she decided to buy ___ dress.
3. I saw ___ man walking in the park.
4. ___ Amazon rain forest is located in South
America.
5. I forgot my pen. Do you have ___ pen I
could borrow?
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1.The Manila City

PS
2.The Arabian Sea
3.The Mt. Apo
4.The Egypt
MODALS
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● Could vs. Would
A. Past tense

PS
 Could- past tense form of can.
Ex: I can drink five cups of coffee in a single day.
I could drink five cups of coffee in a single day when
I was younger.
 Would­- past tense form of will
Ex: I know she will accept the proposal.
I knew she would accept the proposal.
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B. Possible situations

PS
Ex: It could rain tonight.
Liza didn’t attend the meeting. She could be
busy.
C. Imaginary situation
Ex: If I had much money, I would travel the world.
If Zion worked hard, he would get a better
situation.
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D. Polite expressions

PS
 Making suggestions- could
Ex: We could try their specialty.
 Making offers- Would you like…?
Ex: Would you like some cookies?
 Making requests
Ex: Would you open the door, please?
Would you mind opening the door?
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 Asking for permission

PS
Ex: Could I borrow your book for this
week?
Would it be ok if I borrowed your
book?
Would you mind if I borrowed your
book?
PARTS OF
SPEECH
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NOUN

PS
● Noun – names a person, place,
thing, emotion, event, phenomenon,
etc.
Ex. Car, Dog, Marawi, Samsung,
Anna
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Kinds of Noun

PS
1. Proper nouns
- specific names
Ex: Rodrigo Duterte, Marawi, LET
2. Common nouns
- general names
Ex: teacher, lake, students, girls
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Kinds of Noun

PS
3. Count nouns
- can be counted or quantified
Ex: bananas, houses, animals
4. Mass nouns
- cannot be measured or counted
Ex: salt, milk, water
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Kinds of Noun

PS
3. Concrete nouns
- tangible
Ex: table, chairs, utensils
4. Abstract Nouns
–nouns that cannot be touched, seen neither
felt.
Ex: Honesty, values, trustworthy
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Kinds of Noun

PS
5. Compound Noun
– two or more nouns combined to form a single noun.
Compound nouns are written as separate words, as
words linked by a hyphen , or as one word.
Ex: grapefruit juice, sister-in-law, schoolteacher.
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Kinds of Noun

PS
6. Collective Nouns
– nouns that are collectively labeled. A
group of people yet the exact number of
members is not indicated.
Ex: team, group