SAFETY

PRECAUTIONS
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)

• refers to the legislation, policies,

procedures and activities that aim to
protect the health, safety and welfare of
all people at the workplace.
• Every worker has the right to a healthy and safe
work and to a work environment that enables them
to live a socially and economically productive life.
 Personal safety while working with PC’s
• Before doing anything, listen to your teacher’s
instruction to prevent accidents or any
unwanted events that may occur on your
workplace.
• Do not work on a computer when you are wet
because you might get electrocuted.
• Do not remove internal devices of the
computer when it is turned on.
• Avoid playing or running while inside the room.
Personal safety while working with PC’s
• Always wear personal protective
equipment's (PPE) like coverall, shoes
with rubber sole, anti-static wrist strap, etc.
• Ask for assistance from your teacher when
it comes dealing with computer devices.
• Applying safety measures when handling
tools and equipment are necessary to
avoid certain damages.
 Basic Concepts of Electricity
Electricity Is defined as the flow of electron or electric current. It
is an invisible form of energy that can be transformed into other
forms of energy like heat light and mechanical. 
Electron Is the negatively charged component of an atom. It has
the ability to flow.
Proton Is the positively charged component of an atom. It
has the ability to attract electron.
Matter Is anything that occupy space and has mass. It can be a
solid, liquid or gas in state.
 Basic Concepts of Electricity
Atom Basic component of matter. It composes of a nucleus which is
the central part, the protons and electrons.
Current Same as electricity or flow of electron. The amount of
current flowing in a circuit can be measured in ampere (I).
Voltage The amount of pulling force that makes the electron flow.
Also known as potential difference or EMF (electromotive force). The
amount of voltage can be measured in volt (V).
Resistance Defined as the opposition to the flow of current. The
amount of resistance can be measure in ohms (Ω).
Conductors and Insulators
 Conductors are materials that easily allow the flow
of current, or it has a low resistance to current flow.

Examples; aluminum, gold, silver, copper, iron

 Insulators are materials that do not easily allow the
flow of current, or it has a high resistance to current flow.

Examples; rubber, plastic, paper

Types of Current
1. Direct Current
In direct current (DC), the flow of electric charge is only in one
direction, the type of electricity produced by batteries, static,
and lightning. A voltage is created and maybe stored until it is
consumed when the current flows directly, in one direction. In
the circuit, the current flows at a specific, constant voltage (this
is oversimplified somewhat but good enough for our needs.)
When you use a flashlight, pocket radio, portable CD player or
virtually any other type of portable or battery-powered device,
you are using direct current.
Types of Current
AC Alternating Current
In alternating current (AC, also ac) the movement of electric
charge periodically reverses direction. This type of electricity is
produced or generated by AC generators commonly from a
hydro electric plant. It is the commercial power that we use in
homes and offices. Delivered through a power transmission
lines.AC current can be reduced through the use of power
transformer to suite for its application.It can also be converted
to DC for a specific purpose. In the Philippines AC is rated as
220V AC at 60 Hz.
Why does standard electricity come only in the form of
alternating current?
There are a number of reasons, but one of the most important is
that a characteristic of AC is that it is relatively easy to change
voltages from one level to another using a transformer, while
transformers do not work for DC.

This capability allows the companies that generate and

distribute electricity to do it in a more efficient manner, by
transmitting it at high voltage for long lengths, which reduces
energy loss due to the resistance in the transmission wires.
Another reason is that it may be easier to mechanically
generate alternating current electricity than direct current.
Electric Circuit
Electric circuit - is the pathways for
electricity to flow.
Components of Circuit
 Load - commonly represented by a
bulb or any electrical component that
consumes electricity.

 Supply - Commonly represented

by a cell or a battery

 Switch - an electrical device that

opens or closed a circuit.
Types of Circuit
1. Open Circuit - a type of
circuit that has an open path for
current to flow. It means that
current cannot flow in open
circuit.
Closed Circuit - a type of
circuit that has a closed
path for current to flow. It
means that current can
flow in a closed circuit.