EUROPE

ROSELLE SANAO
JUVENCIA CLARES
 EUROPE

Of Greek Origin : Europa

Often described as “Peninsula of Peninsulas”
 EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION
01 PREHISTORIC 04 RENAISSANCE
3000 B. C. E 1400 C. E. to 1600

02 ANCIENT 05 EARLY MODERN

3000 B. C. E. to 400 C. E. 1600 C. E. to 1800

03 MIDDLE AGES 06 MODERN

1800
400 C. E. to 1400 C. E.
PREHISTORIC
● Time before written history

● Mesopotamia discovered writing before

3000

● Visual cultures (paintings, sculptures,

architecture)

● Anthropologist traced back to neanderthals

● Mountain ranges formed after the collision

of Africa and India with Europe and Asia
(from Alps to Himalayas)
First Europeans (500,000-10,000 Years
Ago)
Early Man Modern Man

Homo Erectus : Homo Sapiens

Neanderthals
Paleolithic Art Found in Europe
● The Venus of Willendorf (25,000
years ago)
● The cave paintings of Altamira
and Lascaux (some 15,000 years
ago)
● Plains of east Europe contain
traces of the earliest known
houses
● circular huts, semi-sunken, with
stones or tusks supporting some
form of superstructure
 Neolithic Revolution (7000-2000 B.C.)
• Village life ; cultivation of crops, rearing
of animals
• From origin (Middle East) reaches
Greece
• This progressed slowly
• Reluctance of hunter-gatherers to settle
down to agricultural labor
• Heavily Forested, clearing of grounds
(massive undertaking)
• Villages of timber houses (often
communal longhouse)
• 2000 B.C. 1st European Civilization
(Minoan Crete)
• Nomadic herdsmen lifestyle, Indo-
European Languages (2000 B.C. still)
• Over centuries, invading neighbor
countries from south to west (in a
form of war)
• Soon spreading throughout Europe
• Before Minoans, Azilian Culture and
Vinca Culture
 Azilian Culture

 Called Federmesser : Penknife in German, arrowheads

found in excavated sites (not what they call themselves)
 Culture developed through the last ice ages before
temperatures adjusted to modern levels
 Hunter-gather people (hunting and not agriculture)
 Weapons and tools
 Vinca Culture

 Serbian Town, first artifacts (1908)

 5500-3500 B.C.E. (milleniums before the rise of
Egyptians)
 Technologically advanced and lived in organized
towns
 Mastered the first step to making bronze
(smelting copper)
 Minoan Civilization

 3000-1100 B.C.E.
 1st advance bronze age civilization in
Crete
 Minoan artifacts
 1st center of high civilization (Aegean Sea)
 Peak at 1600 B.C.E. to later 15th century  Known for great cities and palaces
 Extended trade throughout the Levant and
more
 Used writing
 Reached Greece in around 1580 B.C.E.
 Palace culture on crete was destroyed by
conquerors in 15th century
 Ancient (3000 B.C.E. to 400 C.E.)
Mediterranean
● Ancient Near East, Ancient Egypt, ancient
Greece, and Etruscans, the Romans
● Chief arena of European development (8th
● After the invention of writing and before the
century B.C.)
fall of Roman Empire
● Greece civilization develops
● Greeks applied human reasons to observation
● Greek colonists moved west to Italy and Sicily
of natural world
● Phoenicians and Carthaginians established
● Naturalistic images of human beings
● Birth of western philosophy, mathematics, (traders and sailors)
● 3rd century Rome had control of central and
theater, science, and democracy
southern Italy
● Romans created an empire across most of
● Sicilian hostilities (Greece, Carthage, Rome)
Europe, and those that surround the
provoked first Punic War
Mediterranean sea
● Dominance of Roman Empire spread
throughout the region
MIDDLE AGES (400 C.E. to 1400 C.E.)
• 500 to 1400-1500 C.E.
• “Middle Ages” ; long barbaric period (great civilizations of
Greece and Rome)
• 15th century scholars named (designate period of their own time
and the fall of the Roman Empire)
• During the first half Western Europe experienced an upheaval in
politics and economy
• Invasions of migrants destabilized the reign of Roman Empire
• Western Roman Empire broke apart and Christianity spread
• The Christian Church became the most powerful institution
• Islam was born, spread from Spain across North Africa, Middle,
and Near East
• Islamic Culture played an important role (preservation and
translation of Greek texts)
 Early Medieval Period

• “Dark Ages”
• Period of declining human achievement
• Age of barbarism, ignorance, illiteracy and violence dark, gloomy
and foreboding
• Kings ruled, below them were lesser nobles, then lords
• Feudalism System
 Early Medieval Period

 lord/vassal relationship
 Serfs are laborers were bound to permanently work the land of
their lord
 Vassal in turn do this in the fields or in battle in exchange for
protection and land
 Arts and literature were great, focused on the teachings of the
church
 Only members of the clergy (monks, priests, etc.) could read
and write
Late(/High) Medieval Period
o Western Europe became increasingly stable
o Renewal and re-establishment of large-scale
building and sizeable towns
o Trade also expanded
o “Middle classes” increased in number
o Guild ; association of craftsmen or merchants in the
same trade
RENAISSANCE (1400 C.E. to 1600)
● Rebirth of interest in Greek and Roman Culture

● Rebirth (rediscovery) of culture, art, politics and

economy

● After the Middle Ages : From Darkness to Light

● 14th to 17th century

● Economy prospered in Italy and Northern

Europe

● Humanism - used Greek and Roman literature

and art as a model for worldly experiences
 RENAISSANCE (1400 C.E. to 1600)
 Rational progressive philosophy
 Promoted the Idea that man was center of the universe
 Embrace human achievements ; in education, classical, literature and science
 Literacy rates increased
 1517, Martin Luther challenged the church and sparked the Protestant Reformation
 Scientific Revolution
 Observation replaced religion
 Started in Florence, Italy
 Medici Family (ruled Florence for over 60 years), famous backers of the movement
 Art, architecture and science linked to renaissance
 Age of Discovery
 Voyagers launched expeditions
 Numerous wars plagued to Italian peninsula
 Changing trade routes caused economic decline
Early Modern (1600 C.E. to 1800)
• Scientific, political, and economic revolution that
most shaped society
• “Modern era”
• Enlightenment
• Violent conflict between Catholics and Protestants
• Europe’s monarchies are gaining more power
• Period of colonization
• African Slave Trade
• American and French Revolution
• Transition from Middle Ages to Modern Times
MODERN
(1800)o Capitalism became the dominant economic system
o Steam powered machineries replaced skilled artisans

o Most violent in history

o Cold War

o Extreme political systems led to famine, dislocations and genocide

o Struggle of human rights and rise of global capitalism

o Art became part of market economy

o Art : personal self-expression

o Holocaust also occurred during the time

 REFERENCES
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/europe-human-geography

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/start-here-apah/brief-histories-apah/a/a-brief-history-of-we
stern-culture

http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=1110&HistoryID=ab06&gtrack=pthc
https://study.com/academy/lesson/early-civilizations-in-europe.html

https://www.washington.edu/news/2013/05/14/dna-analysis-unearths-origins-of-minoans-the-first-major-european-c
ivilization/

https://www.britannica.com/place/Vapheio
 REFERENCES
https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Europe/The-Middle-Ages

https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/feudal%20system#:~:text=In%20a%20feudal%20system%2C%20a,fiefs%2C%20or
%20areas%20of%20land
.

https://www.timemaps.com/civilizations/medieval-europe/

https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/renaissance

https://americanhumanist.org/what-is-humanism/definition-of-humanism/

https://history.ceu.edu/early-modern-studies/about

https://history.princeton.edu/fields/modern-europe
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