FOUNDATIONS OF

CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT IN
THE PHILIPPINES
 Historical Foundation

Philosophical Foundation

Psychological Foundation

Social Foundation
 Historical Foundation

1. Pre-Spanish Period
Informal education through interaction with other people

No direct teaching, no formal method of instruction

Unplanned and unsystematic learning

Education is for survival, conformity, and

enculturation
 Historical Foundation
2. Spanish Period
Primary schools, colleges, and universities were established in
our country by the missionaries.
to make the native Filipinos obedient and God-fearing
Christians

Religion was a compulsory subject at all levels – from primary

schools to universities.

Consisted of the 3Rs: Reading, Writing, Religion

 Historical Foundation

2. Spanish Period

Method of Instruction: dictation and individual

memorization
 Historical Foundation
3. American Period
“to educate and to train in the science of self-
government.”
The American soldiers were the first teachers of the Filipinos.

Medium of Instruction: English

Intermediate curriculum consisted of subjects such as arithmetic,

geography, science, and English.
 Historical Foundation
4. the Commonwealth Period
Vocational and adult education were given
emphasis.
Courses in farming, trade, business, domestic science.
Commonwealth Act 586, also known as educational Act of 1940,
recognized the elementary school system.

encouraged the revival of native culture as well as desirable Filipino

values.

Code of Ethics
 Historical Foundation

5.The Japanese-devised Curriculum

Included Nippongo in the curriculum

Abolished English as medium of instruction and as a subject

Training was done formally through schools with emphasis on

vocational, technical, agriculture

Curricular content centered on values rooted for the love of labor

Teaching physical education and singing Japanese songs

 Historical Foundation

6.The Curriculum during the Liberation Period

Curriculum was developed and based on the characteristics and

needs of the Filipino children.

Promotion of equal educational opportunities for all

Curricular content stressed:

Social orientation (ex. conservation of the Filipino heritage)
Training for occupation
Promotion of democratic nation building
A new thrust on community development
 Historical Foundation
7.The Curriculum during the Philippine Republic

Great experiments in the community school idea and the use of vernacular
in the first two grades of the primary schools as the medium of instruction

Schools are increasingly using instructional materials that are Philippine-

oriented

The aim of education is for national development

 Historical Foundation
8.The Curriculum during the New Society
Historical Foundation

9.Present (1986-present)
Historical Foundation
Six curriculum theorists

Franklin Bobbit (1876-1956)-

presented curriculum as a
science that emphasizes on
students' need.
Historical Foundation
Six curriculum theorists

Werret Charters (1875-1952) -

considered curriculum also as a
science which is based on students'
need, and the teachers plan the
activities.
Historical Foundation
Six curriculum theorists

William Kilpatrick (1871-

1965) - viewed curriculum as
purposeful activities which
are child-centered.
Historical Foundation
Six curriculum theorists
Harold Rugg (1886-1960) -
emphasized social studies in
the curriculum and the
teacher plans the lesson in
advance.
Historical Foundation
Six curriculum theorists
Hollis Caswell (1901-1989)
- sees curriculum as
organized around social
functions of themes,
organized knowledge and
earner's interests.
Historical Foundation
Six curriculum theorists
Ralph Tyler (1902-1994) -
believes that curriculum is a
science and an extension of
school's philosophy. based on
students' need and interests.