ANATOMY AND

PHYSIOLOGY
By: M. Fariz Khibran

Supervisor : dr. HAK Ansyori , SpM (K), MKes , MARS

PRELIMINARY

Vitreous is transparent connective tissue that fills the posterior segment of the eye
which consists of from collagen , acid hyaluronic acid , and water.
• 80% of the volume of the eyeball ️4 ml

Anterior • border with corpus ciliary , zonular , and lens

posterior • border with retina

Form
Embryology
• Almost sphere
• Anterior part concave because existence
lens crystalline . primary Secondary Tertiary
 Vitreous junction • vitreous base (vitreous base)
• Lens ( Wiegert's ligament )
to the • Fovea and parafovea
surroundings • Edge papil
more closely on: • Vessel blood big retina

Functio Help function from the retina

n from Vitreous healthy no
easy miss from the
corpus Increase function from cavity corpus vitreous
retina
vitreous
barrier diffusion Among anterior and posterior
segments of the eyeball
Metabolic buffer V itreous collapse to the
retina ️retinal
detachment
Stabilize journey light ( refraction medium )
(retinal detachment)
VITREOUS ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
VITREOUS EMBRYOLOGY
Eyes three layer embryonic primitive

ectoderm surface ectoderm neuralis Mesoderm

Vitreou • ectoderm neuralis ️primary vitreous connective tissue

s • Mesoderm _ hyaloid vasculature

third and sixth week of gestation

Development Vitreous Embryology Stage First Development Vitreous Embryology Stage Second

Development Vitreous Embryology Stage Third

VITREOUS ANATOMY
Vitreous is a gelatinous mass with a volume of 4.0 ml which is transparent
• 99% water
• 1% combination collagen and acid hyaluronic .

part biggest from

4/5 of the eyeball isi 80% eye volume
fill eyeball _

WATER BINDING vitreou Two Center, or core

Collagen Sour hyaluronic

s body topograp Peripheral , or
•200 times its weight •60 times the weight hic areas vitreous cortical

Vitreous Collagen fibrils separated by molecules _ sour filler and separator between
gel hyaluronic hydrated adjacent collagen fibrils _
Piece Sagittal Vitreous Anatomy Raised vitreous photo from eye child 9 months old
VITREOUS PHYSIOLOGY
Function Corpus Vitreous

B arier diffusion
Stabilize
Among anterior
Help function journey light
and posterior
from the retina ( refraction
segments of the
medium )
eyeball

M boost function
from cavity Metabolic buffer
corpus vitreous .
 Mechanism Molecular Vitreous Linked with increment Age

Formation
Change Vitreous Physiology Posterior
pocket from Lacunae
Age And Change degenerative on the vitreous vitreous
vitreous fluid

40 Years Individual young

Bag big Exchange or bag
️premacular
containing fluid precordial
Decrease in Gel Volume Significant and Increased bursa .
Fluid Volume _ In Central.

Balaz and denlinger

• Human eyes adult ( 14-18 years old ) _ 20% of total vitreous volume ️liquid fill
• Age 80-90 _ > vitreous is fluid ️precordial vitreous sac posterio r
VITREOUS STRUCTURE
largest and simplest connective tissue visible _ as one
vitreous body
body parts _ human .

Layer or hyaloid membrane

THREE
PARTS Cortical vitreous

Vitreous medullar

Vitreous tract and ligaments relate with membrane anterior hyaloid

 valley between
Hyalociliary zonules
process ciliary
Coating the anterior part of the vitreous body
begins about 1.5mm from no serrata _
Retrolental ligament
Attached to the capsule posterior lens with form or hyaloidocapsular anterior to the lens.
ring 9mm diameter _ hyaloidocapsular ligament ligament
anterior hyaloid of Wieger
membrane ️
The central region of the ring retrolental space or posterior 1/3 of the
Coronary ligament
_ berger's space ( space berger ) or patellar fossa process ciliary
L layer or hyaloid ️
membrane Connect with structure intraocular
median ligament pars plana mid zone

Posterior hyaloid
Basic vitreous ke _ optical disc
membrane

whole peripheral zone , less more 100 wide , from primary

Cortical vitreous
vitreous mass

less fibril structure, and cell free because it does

Medullary vitreous
not contain hyaocytes
 vitreous body metabolism
vitreous body Two condition
on the vitreous
cortex (anterior and
Central vitreous Vitreous base.
posterior)

Gel Liquid

Fiber collagen in the vitreous

' Absorbent ashes ' Reduce style press hyaluronic (HA )

aging or vitrectomy
Oxygen ️taken up and
metabolized by nearby
retinal tissue .
Oxygen consumption
Oxygen ️current fluids
Relative oxygen level _ low oxygen _ Becomes substrate for formation product new and produced by convection and
happen subtraction molecule oxygen movement _ eye or head
 Reactive Oxidative Enzyme _ Proteolytic
Species (ROS) _

Cause _ happening liquefaction in the

Plasminogen enzymes
aging process

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP),

Riboflavin molecule photosensitizer
progelatinase or pro MMP

Radiated by light _ white every day Division collagen or degradation fiber

During lifetime life collagen and vitreous liquefaction

Free radicals depends age

Change molecular from vitreous collagen

and HA.
Plasminogen enzymes will increase
the role of antioxidants in the vitreous
with age

Classification Antioxidant
Vitreou s
ELEMENTS OF MOLECULES
Collagen

Important protein structures in the vitreous, such as in connective tissue in the

body any .

The core of collagen

Vitreous
fibers

type II collagen, a a hybrid of type V and

combination of type V/XI, type XI . collagen
and type IX. molecules

Fiber structure in human vitreous collagen

 Arranged homotrimers from three chain identical called [ 1 ( ii )],
A. Collagen
type II
75% of the total collagen content in the vitreous.

Disulfide-bonded heterotrimer [ 1 ( IX) 2 ( IX) 3 ( IX)].

B. Collagen
type IX On the vitreous ️chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan . chain ️chain 2 ( IX) in the NC3 .
domain ️proteoglycans .

10% vitreous collagen

C. Collagen
type V/XI
Heterotrimers containing 1 ( XI) and 2 ( V )

Binds to type 2 collagen and hyaluronic acid

D. Collagen
type VI
Small amount of vitreous part
 Hyaluronate

Polysaccharides ( glycosaminoglycans ) that have repeating units from sour

glucuronic and N- acetylglucosamine

Concentration _ nor heavy molecule hyaluronan in the vitreous ️

varied species , location in the vitreous body and type analysis .

Hyaluronate in the human vitreous

weight _ molecule more from 1 x 10

Relationship between collagen fibrils and

hyaluronan
 Vitreous Tract

Fine, papery condensation of vitreous tissue that radiates into the vitreous space
from the ciliary body and anterior retina

Tractus
Retrolentis tract Tract coronaries Preretinal tract
medianus _
TOPOGRAPHIC SUBDIVISION IN
THE VITREOUS SPACE

1. Retrolental zone

2. Intermediate zone

3. Preretinal zone
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES
RELATED TO AGE AND DISEASE
Defrost vitreous and posterior vitreous Detachment
Progressive thawing with age

80-90 years old

> Viterus is fluid

High concentration of proteolytic enzymes

MMP-2 does not increase

Aggregates into thick fibers, or fibrillar opacities

PVD at less over 50% of the population

 myopia
Concentration collagen and hyaluronan not enough more 20-30% more low from concentrate
on the eyes emmetropic

Biomechanics in the sclera and appendages axial length .

Vitreous as blocker angiogenesis

Thrombospondin 1 and pigment epithelium , inhibits angiogenesis in normal eyes

vitreous optic protein has show suppression angiogenesis

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenesis promoter increased in proliferative

diabetic vitreoretinopathy
 Change physiological after vitrectomy

Change viscosity in the vitreous cavity ️viscosity reduce between 300-2000 fold

Proportional to change coefficient diffusion

Injury with bleeding and inflammation

Plateletsvitreous collagen _ _ aggregation formation clot or clot ️reaction
phagocytic inflammatory , and the vitreous becomes liquid proliferative
retinopathy

Disease genetics involving _ vitreous

Stickler syndrome or syndrome marshall ️vitreous collapse faster _ retinal detachment

Mutations in the chain collagen alpha 1 (II), and alpha 1 (XI)

TURBIDITY IN VITREOUS
vitreoretinal relationship
The equatorial and
posterior vitreoretinal
regions ,

Connection meeting
or interface

Inner limiting
Posterior vitreous
membrane on retina Extracellular Matrix
cortex
ILM

Multilaminar Meeting between the Complex formed by the

Thickness 100-110 m vitreous and the
structure with vitreous cortex and the
fiber _ _ composed of structure
topography various attached basal laminae
collagen solid . surrounding
thickness _ close to the cells .
THANK YOU