Prepared by:

Melanie G. Lumboy

General Chemistry 1

Matter and its Properties

OBJECTIVES

• Use properties of matter to identify

substances and to separate them
– Recognize that substances are made up of
smaller particles.
– Describe and/or make a representation of
the arrangement, relative spacing, and
relative motion of the particles in each of
the three phases of matter
OBJECTIVES

– Distinguish between physical and chemical

properties and give examples
– Distinguish between extensive and intensive
properties and give examples
Mentimeter

• Write a word related to matter and its

properties
Key words
• Atoms • Gas
• Chemical properties • Heterogeneous
• Physical properties mixtures
• Compounds • Homogeneous mixtures
• Elements • Intensive properties
• Extensive properties • Ions
• Intensive properties • Liquid
• Pure substances • Mixtures
• solid • Molecules
State of Matter
State of Matter Motion of
Volume/ Shape Density Compressibility
Molecules
Random, fast,
Gas Easy to cover large
Indefinite Low compressed distances
Random,
Liquid Indefinite High Incompressible medium speed,
limited
distances
Solid Definite High Incompressible Vibration in
place
Place the following terms below to the
appropriate boxes:

• Ions
• Atoms
• Molecules
• Particles
Differentiate atoms, molecules, and ions

Particles

atoms molecules ions

Smallest particle
that cannot be
broken down by
chemical means
Differentiate atoms, molecules, and ions

Particles

atoms molecules ions

Particle of two
or more atoms
joined together
Differentiate atoms, molecules, and ions

Particles

atoms molecules ions

Atom or group of
atoms that
carries an
electrical charge
 Sublimation

melting evaporation
Solid Liquid Gas

Freezing condensation

Deposition

INTERCONVERSION OF STATE
Physical and Chemical
Properties
Physical Properties

• Inherited characteristic of the substance and are

associated with its physical existence
• Pertain to those that are measured without
changing the composition of the substance. This
include:
• Color
• Odor
• Textures
• Boiling points
• Density
• Etc.
Chemical Properties

• This can be observed if a chemical reaction

has occurred and thus there is a change in the
composition of the substance
• It describe the ability of a substance to form
new substances, either by reaction with other
substances or by decomposition
Exercises!
Ozone in its pure form is blue in color

Physical or chemical property?

Physical Property
Molybdenum steel used in rifle
barrels is resistant to acids
Chemical Property
Mercury is a liquid metal
Physical Property
The soil in some areas in
Laguna is red
Physical Property
 Knowledge check:

Provide example of physical property and

chemical property
 Physical and
Chemical Change
Physical Change

• When a substance undergoes a change without

affecting the chemical composition of matter.
• This do not result to the formation of a new
substance.
• Example of this is grinding, breaking, crushing,
bending and changes in the state of matter.

– Example: Shredding of coconut meat

Chemical Change

• It involves change in the substance’s chemical

composition, that is, new substances are
produced.
• The new substance have different properties
and composition from the original material. It
should not in any way resemble the initial
material.

• Example: ripening of guavas

Let’s practice!
Dry ice evaporates to carbon dioxide

Physical or chemical change?

Physical Change
Fumes are produced when
bleach is mixed with vinegar
Chemical Change
Teeth form plaques
Chemical change
Gold drawn into wire
Physical Change
 Knowledge check:

Provide example of physical change and

chemical change
 Extensive and
Intensive Property
Intensive Properties

• Properties that are not dependent on the

amount of substance.
• These properties are the same for all parts of
given materials

– Example: boiling point of 10 mL and 100 mL of

water
Extensive Properties

• Properties that depend on the amount of

substance/material observed. They obtained
by combining the properties of individual part
mass.

– Example: mass and volume

Identify the appropriate property of matter: Intensive
or extensive

1. Boiling point 6. Color

2. Inertia 7. Malleability
3. Luster 8. Volume
4. Length 9. Solubility
5. Density 10. Hardness
 Knowledge check:

Provide example of extensive and intensive

property
 Pure Substance

Mixture Elements

Compound
Think-pair-share: Name the following
images using the given names below:

Pure substance (elements) Mixture of elements

Pure substance (compound) Mixture (compounds)
Answers:
Pure Substances
And
Mixture
Pure Substances
•A pure substance (usually referred
to simply as a substance) is a
material that has a constant
composition and has consistent
properties throughout the sample.
Example:
Water and ordinary table salt
(Sodium Chloride “NaCl”), the primary
components of seawater, are examples of
pure substances.

Salt Water
All substances are
either elements or
compounds.
Element
•An element is a substance consisting of
atoms which all have the same number of
protons.

•Elements are chemically the simplest

substances and hence cannot be broken
down using chemical methods. Elements can
only be changed into other elements using
nuclear methods.
Table of Elements
 Compounds
•A compound is a substance formed
when two or more chemical elements
are chemically bonded together.

Hydrogen Gas Oxygen Gas

89% 11%
 Hydrogen
Gas
Oxygen Gas

O
Mixture
•A mixture is a combination of two or more pure
substances in which each pure substance retains
its individual chemical properties.

•Whereas pure substances have fixed

compositions, the compositions of mixtures can
vary.

•The substances making up a mixture (such as

sugar and water) are called components of the
mixture.
Example:
Coffee
 Compounds Mixtures
Are substances Are combinations
Elements composed of
Cannot be decomposed into simpler of two or more
two or more substances in
substances. On the molecular level, elements, so
each element is composed of only which each
they contain two substance retains
one kind of atom. or more kinds of its own chemical
atoms identity.
 Types of
Chemical Mixture
Homogeneous Mixture
•Has the same uniform appearance and
composition throughout. Many homogeneous
mixture are commonly referred to as solutions.

Heterogeneous Mixture
•Is simply any mixture that is not uniform in
composition – it’s a non uniform mixture of
smaller constituent parts.
 Knowledge check:

Provide examples of pure substance,

homogenous and heterogenous mixture
 Performance Task:

Present/illustrate separation techniques for

mixtures and compounds through
SciTokperiment

Lab activity: Application of simple separation

techniques such as distillation and
chromatography
 CRITERIA EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR POOR
4 3 2 1

Content Exceptionally shows Generally shows Partially shows Shows very minimal
knowledge on the knowledge on the knowledge on the knowledge on the
topic and connection topic and topic and topic and
between mixture or connection connection connection
compound properties between mixture or between mixture or between mixture or
and separation compound compound compound
technique properties and properties and properties and
separation separation separation
technique technique technique

Accuracy Information are Information are Information are Information are

consistently accurate generally accurate slightly accurate mostly inaccurate

Organization Information are very Information are Information are Information are
organized generally organized slightly organized mostly inaccurate

Creativity The title, illustrations The title, The title, The title,
and overall illustrations, and illustrations, and illustrations, and
presentation are highly overall overall overall
appropriate and easily presentation are presentation are presentation are
captures attention generally somewhat inappropriate and
appropriate and appropriate and doesn’t capture
captures attention captures attention attention
Thank
You