PREPARE

CONSTURCTION
MATERIALS AND TOOL
 I. Objectives:
• At the end of the lesson the student must be able to:
A. Identify tools and materials in carpentry;

B. Classify tools and materials according to it’s uses to a

specific construction project ;

C. Value the importance of tool and materials used in

construction.
• Claw hammer
Is a type of hammer used mainly for pounding nails into, or
extracting nails from, wood..
Tape measure
Also called measuring tape is a type of hand tool typically
used to measure distance or size. It is like a much longer
flexible ruler consisting of a case, thumb lock, blade/tape,
hook, and sometimes a belt clip. A tape measure will have
imperial readings, metric readings or both.
Sliding T-bevel
Is an instrument that is used for both laying out and
transferring angles. These tools are pivotal for many
different kinds of construction jobs, especially for those in
which the ideal 90° angles are not possible.
Ripsaws
Are used for cutting wood with the grain, crosscut saws for
cutting across the grain. The main difference between the
saws is in the way the teeth are ground.
Coping saw
Was mainly invented to “cope” or “saw” the crossings
between two surfaces to allow them to fit together seamlessly.
With a coping. saw, you can cut out any intricate shape in
wooden materials or make curved trims for your roof eaves.
Keyhole saw:
Also known as jab or compass saw, a keyhole tool has a
dagger-like point at the tip of the blade to poke through soft
materials such as drywall and paneling. The saw can cut small
shapes in traced-out drywall, plywood and wood.
Level Bar
A straight bar of light metal with a spirit level in it. types:
plumb level. a carpenter's level with a plumb line at right
angles to it. type of: bar. a rigid piece of metal or wood;
usually used as a fastening or obstruction or weapon.
Chalk line
Also called chalk box a kind of tool for marking long,
straight lines on relatively flat surfaces, much farther than is
practical by hand or with a straightedge. They may be used to
lay out straight lines between two points, or vertical lines by
using the weight of the line reel as a plumb line.
Metal jack plane
Is a general-purpose woodworking bench plane, used for
dressing timber down to size in preparation for truing and/or
edge jointing. It is usually the first plane used on rough stock,
but for rougher work it can be preceded by the scrub plane.
Spoke shave
Is a hand tool used to shape and smooth woods in
woodworking jobs such as making cart wheel spokes, chair
legs, paddles, bows, and arrows.
Screwdrivers
Are a type of hand tool used for the insertion and removal of
screws. They are available in a multitude of variations to
correspond to the correct screw drive. The drive or head of a
screw has a shaped cavity and protrusion that fits the
screwdriver tip.
Caliper
We know the core use of Vernier Calipers is for measuring
the distance between two opposite sides of a surface. We can
measure the internal and external dimensions and even the
height of an object with accuracy. It can measure up to one-
hundredth of a millimeter.
Mallet
It is a tool of preference for wood workers using chisels
with plastic, metal, or wooden handles, as they give a softened
strike with a positive drive. Wooden mallets are usually used
in carpentry to knock wooden pieces together, or to drive
dowels, chisels and to apply pressure on joints.
Pencil
(also called: graphite pencil) is a writing utensil with a
graphite lead embedded in a wooden shaft. It is mainly used
for artistic sketching and drawing, for stenography or notes.
Its benefits are the simple usage as well as being able to
remove what you've drawn with an eraser.
Plumb bob
Is a pointed weight attached to the end of the string and is
used to find a vertical reference line called plumb. Plumb is
the vertical equivalent to a spirit level. Plumb bob has been
around for thousands of years, dating back to Ancient Egypt.
Crowbar
Also be known as a pry bar, wrecking bar, gorilla bar or
pinch bar, is a metal bar tool that has flatted points at each
end, often with a small fissure to help remove nails or prise
two materials or objects apart.
Nail sets
Are short, tapered bars of steel that serve as a companions to
a hammer. They are used for the final few blows onto the
exposed heads of finish nails, sinking them beneath the
surface without collateral damage to the surrounding wood.
Framing square
Also known as a steel square, the Johnson framing square is
a handy tool for carpentry. Its uses extend into framing and
laying rafters and stairs. It can also be used as a straight-
edge, finding and establishing right angles and marking cut-
off work on wide stock.
Bar clamp
Is mainly used in woodworking or metalworking projects to
keep large pieces of wood or metal securely in place to join
them together permanently. Speed clamps hold the work
pieces tightly, so that they do not move around and create
problems for you while you are working on them.
Saw set
Is a tool or part of the tool kit for tuning saw blades. It
adjusts the set, or distance the saw tooth is bent away from
the saw blade. The magnitude of set determines the cut width
and prevents the blade of the saw from binding in the wood.
Drill bits
Is a cutting tool that's fitted into a power drill and used to cut
holes in materials. They come in a wide variety of shapes and
sizes, but they all have similar parts as follows: Point: the top,
cone-shaped part of the drill bit that consists of a spur and
cutting lip.
Meter stick:
A meter stick is a measurement tool that measures one meter
(hundred centimetres) and is used to measure things in meters
and centimetres. Things like the length of a table or the width
of a bag can be measured using a meter stick.
Sharpening stones
Also known as whetstones, are a simple, longstanding tool
used to sharpen blades by grinding them against an abrasive
surface. This process is known as 'honing'. They are made
from a variety of natural and artificial materials with
different levels of abrasion.
Sledge hammers
are large, long-handled striking tools designed to deliver as
much blunt force as possible to an area or object. Much
larger and heavier than hammers meant for driving nails,
sledge hammers are most often used for demolition, or
driving objects too thick and heavy to be driven with a
regular hammer.
Bench vise
Is an essential and integral tool used in metalworking,
woodworking, and some other manufacturing applications. It
is mounted on workbenches and its main function is to hold
the work piece safely and securely.
Files
Are cutting tools used to remove/smooth rough and sharp
edges from cut metal. They are also used to file metal to shape
or size.
Clay or mud.
A loose, earthy, extremely fine-grained, natural sediment
composed primarily of clay-size or colloidal particles and
characterized by high plasticity and by a considerable
content of clay minerals... This category is also used for Clay,
mud and mud.
Brick
A rectangular block of hard material used for building
walls and houses.
Wood
A hard substance that forms the branches and trunks of
trees and can be used as a building material, for making
things, or as a fuel: He gathered some wood to build a fire.
She attached a couple of planks of wood to the wall for
shelves.
Plywood
Is wood veneers bonded together to produce a flat sheet. An
extremely versatile product, plywood is used for a wide range
of structural, interior and exterior applications - from
formwork through to internal paneling. Plywood is an
assemblage of wood veneers bonded together to produce a flat
sheet.
Metal
any of various substances (as gold, tin, or copper) that have a
more or less shiny appearance, are good conductors of
electricity and heat, can be melted, and are usually capable of
being shaped. especially : one that is a chemical element
rather than an alloy.
Nails
Are most commonly used to fasten pieces of wood together,
but they are also used with plastic, drywall, masonry, and
concrete. Nails are usually made of steel but can also be made
of stainless steel, iron, copper, aluminum, or bronze .
Screw
a short, slender, sharp-pointed metal pin with a raised
helical thread running around it and a slotted head, used to
join things together by being rotated so that it pierces wood
or other material and is held tightly in place.
Tie wire
A very pliable and durable steel wire, used to tie reinforcing
steel together and as a general fastener in construction work.
G.I Sheet
The full form of GI sheet is galvanized iron sheet. It is a kind
of steel sheet that has been coated with zinc to prevent
corrosion and prolong its service life.
Steel bar
Is well-known for its numerous applications. These bars are
used in shipbuilding, defence, automotive, textile, paper and
pulp, fabrication, cement, heavy earth moving equipment,
and construction, to name a few industries.
Concrete
An artificial stone-like mass, is the composite material that
is created by mixing binding material (cement or lime) along
with the aggregate (sand, gravel, stone, brick chips, etc.),
water, admixtures, etc. in specific proportions.
Sand
A loose granular material that results from the disintegration
of rocks, consists of particles smaller than gravel but coarser
than silt, and is used in mortar, glass, abrasives, and foundry
molds. b. : soil containing 85 percent or more of sand and a
maximum of 10 percent of clay.
Gravel
Small pieces of rock and pebbles larger than grains of sand.
Cement
Is a fine, soft powder used as a binder because it hardens
after contact with water. It is produced from a mixture of
limestone and clay that's charred and then ground up.
Granite
Is a light- colored plutonic rock found throughout the
continental crust, most commonly in mountainous areas. It
consists of coarse grains of quartz (10-50%), potassium
feldspar, and sodium feldspar. These minerals make up more
than 80% of the rock.
 Criteria Points Rate

Time bound 30%

Correctness 40%

Cooperation 30%

100%
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