UNIT 1:

FORCES
AND
MOTION
Key questions for this module:

Do forces always result in motion?

What are the conditions for an object to stay at rest, to keep moving at
constant velocity, or to move with increasingly velocity?

How is force related to acceleration?

 Related Misconceptions

01 02 03 04
If an object stays at An object continues to If the speed of an Objects move because
rest, there is no force move at constant object increases, its they have a force; they
acting upon it. velocity because a acceleration also stop when their force
constant force acts on increases. is already used up.
it.
 Law of Inertia

Newton’s
Three Laws Law of Acceleration

of Motion
Law of Interaction
Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
Properties of Force
• Magnitude (N) –refers to the size or strength of the force
1 Law of
st
“A body will remain at rest

Motion: or move at constant velocity

unless acted upon by an
Law of external net or unbalanced
Inertia force.”
1 Law of
st
• Inertia –tendency of an object to

Motion: maintain its state of rest or of

uniform velocity in a straight line

Law of • Mass –measure of the inertia of an

Inertia object
 You tend to move forward when a sudden break is applied

Examples
You feel a backward force when the bus moves quickly from rest.

Dusting bed with a broom removes dust due to inertia of rest

of law on When you shake a branch, the leaves get detached.

inertia in
Experiencing jerk when lift suddenly starts

Athlete taking a short run before a jump

our daily Cricketer moving backwards before catching a ball

life
Milk keeps swirling even after stirring is stopped

Tightening of seat belts in a car when it stops quickly.

Objects that establish orbit around the earth, like satellites, continue their
trajectory due to inertia.
2 Law of
nd “The acceleration of an object is
directly proportional to the
Motion: Law
magnitude of the net force acting
of
on it and is inversely
Acceleration proportional to its mass.”
2 Law of
nd

Motion: Law “The acceleration of an object is directly

proportional to the magnitude of the net force

of
acting on it and is inversely proportional to its
mass.”

Acceleration
2 Law of
nd

Motion: Law
of
Acceleration
2 Law of
nd

Motion: Law
of
Acceleration
2 Law of
nd

Motion: Law
of
Acceleration
Sample Problem 1

• A 1000 kg truck is traveling at an acceleration of

4.5 m/s2, East. Find the net force needed to
accelerate the truck.
Sample Problem 2

• A boy rolls a 200 g baseball horizontally on the

floor with a net force of 2 N to the right. What is
the acceleration of the baseball?
Sample Problem 3

• A box is pushed with an applied force of 20 N

parallel to the floor. It accelerated at 1.50 m/s2 to the
right. A parallel applied force of 10 N on the
opposite side slowed down the motion of the box.
Neglecting friction, what is the mass of the box?
Problem 1

• A boy pushed horizontally a 3,500 g plastic chair across the

slippery floor. If the acceleration of the plastic chair is 2.2
m/s2 to the left, what is the net force exerted on the plastic
chair?
Problem 2

• Miguel uses 3000 N to push Ted in a wheelchair. Ted

accelerates at 50 m/s² before slowing down to turn a
corner. What is the mass of Ted and the wheelchair?
Problem 3

• Zeke and his scooter have a total mass of 50

kilograms. Assume that the net force acting on Zeke
and the skateboard is 25 N. What is his acceleration?
3 Law of
rd

Motion: Law “For every action, there is an

of equal and opposite reaction.”
Interaction
3 Law of
rd
–force exerted on any object is always
Motion: Law exerted back by an equal magnitude of

of force but in opposite direction

Interaction –action and reaction forces

 Recoil of a Gun
Swimming
Examples Pushing the Wall

of law on Diving off a Raft

Space Shuttle
inertia in Throwing a Ball on the wall

our daily Walking

Hammering a Nail
life Jumping
Evacuating a Balloon
 UNIT 2:
WORK
AND
ENERGY
Key question for this module

What is work?

What is energy?

How are work, energy and power related?

Work is done if the object
you push moves a distance in
the direction towards which
you are pushing it.
No work is done if the force
you exert does not make the
object move.
No work is done if the force
you exert does not make the
object move in the same
direction as the force you
exerted.