GROUP 7

Enriquez, Aira Joy N.

Inocencio, Althea L.
Maristela, Vanessa M.
BRITISH OF INDIA
What is the British India?
 British India were the areas of South Asia

which for hundreds of years was under the

influence of the English (later the British).

From the 1600s until 1858 these areas were

run by the English East India Company.

 After 1858 until 1947 they became the British
Raj. Some areas were under the direct rule of the
Governor-General of India. He was appointed by
the Government of the United Kingdom in
London, and was a Viceroy, meaning, the deputy
of Queen Victoria.
Queen Victoria
 After 1876 when Queen Victoria become Empress of
India, British India was part of the British Indian Empire,
which also included hundreds of Indian princely states
which had never been conquered by the British and still
had control of their own affairs. These were each ruled by
local rulers under the protection of the British. These
states had almost half the land and a quarter of the
people of the British Indian Empire. This empire is
sometimes called the British Raj.
BRITISH IMPERIALISM IN INDIA
British Imperialism

“The Sun never sets on the

British Empire”
-Britain had established
colonies all around the world
-India was one of their most
important
Called the “jewel of the
crown”
The British Empire
British East India Company

- Established to control trade between

India and Britain (1600)
- Company established trading rights in
India during the Mughal Empire
John Watts
 British East India Company

- Mughal Empire was in decline - Early

1700’s
- States began to break away from
Mughal rule
- East India Company gained control of
large parts of India
- Company ran India without
interference from Britain
- Established its own army
- Led by British officers
- Used Indian soldiers known as
Sepoy
- British tried to force changes on India
- Brought western education
- Tried to end caste system
- Banned Hindu custom of sati
- Practice of Hindu widows throwing themselves on
husbands funeral pyre
- Christian missionaries tried to spread religion
- Indians saw this as an attack on Hinduism and their
culture
 Points of Discussion

Why was the British East India Company

formed?
How did the company gain control of India?
How did the British try to change India?
 Sepoy Mutiny
-British punished Sepoys who refused to load
rifles
-Hindus and Muslims revolted against the
British in 1857
-Both sides committed atrocities against each
other
-British crushed the rebellion in 1858
The British Raj
-Raj refers to the period of British
direct rule in India
-Indian Civil Service
-Government agency that carried the
British administration of India
What is the
Partition of India?
 The partition of India is the
separation of India on Aug. 14,
1947 and Aug. 15, 1947 into the
states of the Dominion of Pakistan
and the Union of India, respectively.
India was separated on the day of
gaining independence from British,
due to tensions between the Hindus
and the Muslims living in the country.
India gained independence after 350
years of British presence in the
country.
Basic Maps of the
Partition
British India was partitioned into independent nation
states India and Pakistan.

*India was to remain secular with a Hindu Majority,

*Pakistan was to have a Muslim majority.

 India was formed out of the mostly
Hindu regions and Pakistan was
formed out of the mainly Muslim
Regions.

Pakistan was formed in two

dominions- East Pakistan and West
Pakistan, which were separated
geographically by India.
How did this lead to the
country being partitioned?
Indians had long wanted independence from repressive British rule.
During Word War I, Britain introduced the Defense Act of India which
gave them indiscriminate power to lock people up without trial and
restrict freedom of speech and movement

In 1919, British soldiers massacred unarmed Sikh men, women and

children who had gathered to celebrate the Sikh New year in
Jallianwala bagh Some say the massacre marked the beginning of
resistance against colonial governance.
But to understand how and
why the country was
partitioned?
The Political
Players at that
Time
Mahatma Gandhi
-is represented the hindu
majority
 Mahatma Gandhi
-Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) was one of the major
spiritual and political figures in the move for Indian
independence
-For years, Gandhi struggled to keep the Muslims
active in Congress so India would not have to suffer
the consequence of separation and losing unity.
-Not only did Gandhi use non-violent and non-
cooperative methods, but he also ceased much of
the radical hate ideas on both the sides of Hindus
and Muslims.
"
Jawaharlal Nehru
-is represented the hindu
majority
Jawaharlal Nehru
(14 November 1889- 27 May 1964)

Was an India independence activist and later

the first prime minister of India. Considered one of
the greatest statesmen of India and of the twentieth
century, he was a central figure in India politics both.
.
- He emerged as an eminent leader of the
India of the India independence
movement , serving India as prime minister
from its estalishment in 1947 as an
independent nation, until his death in 1964.
Jawaharlal Mahatma
Nehru Gandhi
Muhammad Ali
Jinnah
-He was a leader of the
Muslim League
Lord Luis Mountabatten
March 1947
But all the changed when a new viceroy to India
and minor royal Lord Louis Mountbatten was
appointed in March 1947 His Job was to resolve the
issue of partition by negotiating between Nehru and
Jinnah and to try and get Britian out of the country
as soon as possible.

In June 1947 he made a shock announcement, The

country would be partitioned India would be
independent by August 1947 almost a whole year
earlier than intended.
Independent States in South Asia
  Independent State—A state that has
absolute and independent legal and
political authority over its territory to the
exclusion of other states. Once
recognized as independent, the state
becomes a subject of international law.

What is  According to United States common law,

an independent State is a people
Independent permanently occupying a fixed territory
bound together by common law habits

State?
and custom into one body politic
exercising, through the medium of an
organized government,
independent sovereignty and control over
all persons and things within its
boundaries, capable of making war and
peace and of entering into international
relations with other communities around
the globe.
• International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent
population, defined territory, one government and the capacity to
enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally
understood that a sovereign state is independent.

• Another essential is that states should have a defined territory,

an area within borders, in which it is sovereign. Stable and
effective government is another criterion of statehood cited by
many. The ability to conduct relations with other states is
another key element.10 Oct 2017
South Asia
•South Asia, subregion of Asia,
consisting of the Indo-Gangetic Plain
and peninsular India. It includes the
countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan,
India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka;
Afghanistan and the Maldives are
often considered part of South Asia as
well.
•India, officially the Republic of
India, is a country in South Asia. It is
the second-most populous country,
the seventh-largest country by land
area, and the most populous
democracy in the world.
•New Delhi is the capital of India
and one of Delhi city's 11 district

The United States recognized the Union of India as an

independent state on August 15, 1947, when President
Harry S. Truman sent a congratulatory message to Lord
Louis Mountbatten, Governor General of the Dominion of
India.
AFGHANISTAN

Afghanistan is a landlocked country located in

Southern Asia that borders China, Iran, Pakistan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The
geography of Afghanistan is arid and mountainous;
the Hindu Kush Mountains run northeast to
southwest and divide the northern provinces from
the rest of the country. KABUL is the capital and
largest city of Afghanistan, located in the eastern
section of the country.

After the end of the Third Anglo-Afghan War and the signing of
the Treaty of Rawalpindi on 19 August 1919, King Amanullah
Khan declared Afghanistan a sovereign and fully
independent state.
 Pakistan
-officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the
world's fifth-most populous country, with a population exceeding 225.2 million, and has
the world's second-largest Muslim population. Pakistan is the
33rd-largest country by area, spanning 881,913 square kilometers (340,509 square
miles).
- Islamabad, is the capital city of Pakistan, and is administered by the
Pakistani federal government as part of the Islamabad Capital Territory.

Creation of Pakistan
- On 14 August 1947 (27th of Ramadan in 1366 of the Islamic Calendar) Pakistan gained
independence. India gained independence the following day.
-The history of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan began on 14 August 1947 when the country
became an independent nation in the form of Dominion of Pakistan within the British
Commonwealth as the result of Pakistan Movement and the partition of India.
• BANGLADESH
officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the
eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 163
million people, in an area of 148,560 square kilometres (57,360 sq mi),] making it
one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Bangladesh shares land
borders with India to the west, north, and east, Myanmar to the southeast, and
the Bay of Bengal to the south.

March 26 marks 50 years since the start of Bangladesh's liberation war,

a bloody nine-month campaign that culminated in the nation's
independence on Dec. 16, 1971. It was a violent birth, with some of its
roots in the 1947 partition of India – when Pakistan was created as a
separate nation.
•Sri Lanka is a pearl-shaped
Island nation in South Asia,
lying on the Indian Plate, a
major tectonic plate that was
formerly part of the Indo-
Australian Plate.
•formerly known as Ceylon, and
officially the Democratic
Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.
•The United States recognized
Ceylon (Sri Lanka) as an
independent state with the
status of Dominion within the
British Commonwealth of Nation
on February 4, 1948, in
accordance with the date set in
an agreement between the
governments of the United
Kingdom and Ceylon.
•Nepal, country of Asia, lying along the southern slopes of
the Himalayan mountain ranges. It is a landlocked country
located between India to the east, south, and west and the
Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north. Its territory
extends roughly 500 miles (800 kilometres) from east to
west and 90 to 150 miles from north to south. The capital is
Kathmandu.

•The Maoist Party joined mainstream politics following the

success of the peaceful democratic revolution of 2006;
Nepal became a secular state, and on 28 May 2008, it was
declared a Federal Republic, ending its time-honoured
status as the world's only Hindu Kingdom.
-Bhutan, a Buddhist kingdom on the Himalayas’ eastern edge, is
known for its monasteries, fortresses (or dzongs) and dramatic
landscapes that range from subtropical plains to steep
mountains and valleys.

-Thimphu, also spelled Thimbu, capital of Bhutan.

-When Ugyen Wangchuck died iindependence

in 1947, the new Indian Government recognized
Bhutan as an independent n 1926, his son Jigme
Wangchuck became the next ruler, and when India
gained country.
-Maldives, officially the Republic of Maldives, is a small archipelagic
state in the Indian subcontinent of Asia, situated in the Indian Ocean.
-Male, also spelled Male' or Malé, island and atoll, capital of
Maldives, in the Indian Ocean. It lies on Male Atoll, about 400 miles
(645 km) southwest of Sri Lanka.
The Maldives is the flattest country in the world.

.
-when the Maldives became a British
Protectorate in the 19th century and the
Maldivian monarchs were granted a good
measure of self-governance. The Maldives
gained total independence from the British on 26
July 1965.
THANK YOU!!
GROUP 7
Enriquez, Aira Joy N.
Inocencio, Althea L.
Maristela, Vanessa M.