Literature Study On OPD

Design

NAME : SANCHITA SAHU

REG NO. : 2101010005
DAY CLINICS & OUTPATIENT SURGERY :
The contracting out of services following health reforms has freed
space in many hospitals. Much of this has been converted into day
clinics for patients who are only cared for during the day and do
not require hospital beds, or who have undergone outpatient
surgery.
As these patients are divorced from the rest of the hospital
activities, it is necessary to provide a separate entrance for them.
The reception and waiting areas must be designed to a standard
equivalent to doctor's surgery and should be a differentiated from
the character of the hospital.
Room schedules are specified by the client; fire precautions and
escape routes must comply to the hospital regulations and so
should be discussed with the appropriate officials.
Outpatient surgeries for minor operations are becoming
increasingly common. They can either be connected to existing
hospitals or be completely independent clinics: both options seem
to be developing in parallel.
In a hospital, the outpatient surgery should be close to the
emergency room and the surgical department.
FLOW CHART
Outpatients :
•The location of outpatient treatment rooms is of
particular importance.

•Separation of the routes taken by outpatient

emergencies and inpatients should be given
consideration early in the planning process.

•The number of patients concerned will depend on

the overall size and technical facilities of the
hospital. Where there is a consistently high number
of outpatients a separate area can be created away
from the other hospital operations.

•However, there must still be close links to the X-ray

and surgical departments. Outpatient operations are
becoming increasingly important so larger waiting
areas and more outpatient treatment rooms
should be considered.
SIZE OF O.P.D (GENERAL REQUIREMENT):
•Recommendations a/c to BIS(Bureau of Indian Standards) -
• For entrance zone - 2 sq. m./bed.
• Ambulatory zone - 10 sq. m./bed.
• Diagnostic zone - 6 sq. m./bed.
• Total hospital area - 60 sq. m./bed.Sub-waiting area - should be 1 /3rd of total patients visiting clinic per day.Consultation room -
•Space for doctor’s chair, patient’s stool, follower seat, wash basin,examination couch and equipment for examination.
•Area - 15-17 sq. m. and each clinic should handle 100 cases per day. Special examination room - Required for certain departments..

FUNCTIONS OF OPD:
• Early diagnosis, curative, preventive and rehabilitative care
on ambulatory services.
• Effective treatment on ambulatory basis.
• Screening for admission to hospital.
• Follow up care and care after discharge.
• Promotion of health by health education.
• Rendering of preventive
healthcare.
IMPORTANCE OF OPD:
•First point of contact.
• Facilitates teaching.
• About twice the in-patients attend O.P.D everyday.
• A good O.P.D service can reduce the work load on in-patient services.
• It is a place for implementing preventive and promotive health activities.

Public Areas and Administration:

•Wheelchair and stretcher storage alcove.
•Reception and information desk.
•Registration counter and cubicle for staff.
•Lobby and waiting lounge.
•Public toilet facilities
•Public telephone(s)/room with assisted STD/ISD call
facilities, etc.
•Water coolers or drinking fountains.
•Space/office(s) for supplies, equipment, etc.
•Multipurpose room(s) for conferences, meetings, health education
programmes, etc.
• Employees facilities including lockable drawers and cabinets and for
personal belongings.
• General storage for supplies, equipment, etc.
• Coffee shop/snack bar in the vicinity.
• Meditation room/retiring room.
•Doorman’s station.
Clinical Facilities:

• General purpose examination rooms

• min. floor area 7.43 sq. m, excluding vestibules, toilets, closets,
etc. Wash basin and a counter top for writing.
• Special purpose examination rooms for specialty clinics such as
eye(dark room required), ear, nose, throat facilities as required for
special procedures and equipment. Wash basin, counter/work top,
etc.
• Treatment room for minor procedures and cast work.
• Nurse’s station with work counter, communication system, space
for charting, supplies, refrigerator, locked storage for drugs, etc.
• Clean storage for storing clean and sterile supplies, cabinets and
shelves.
• Containers for storing clean and sterile supplies, cabinets and
shelves.
• Containers for collection, storage and disposal of soiled materials.
• Sterilizing facilities.
• Wheelchair storage space out of the direct line of traffic.
Overview of the Hospital's OPD
Reception Waiting Area

The first point of contact where patients are Comfortable seating and easy access to restrooms
registered and appointments are scheduled. and water stations.

Consulting Room Testing & Diagnostics

Private rooms where doctors meet patients. Rooms for medical examinations and diagnostics
tests such as blood tests, X-rays, and urine tests.
• Clinical medical service This term describes all the management rooms of the individual specialist
departments/clinics.
• The classic medical service facilities include:
• a medical superintendent's room with office support,
• a senior doctor's room and
• an examination room with waiting area and toilets.
• These clinical medical service rooms form the core of the outpatient zone on the ground floor of the hospital.
• General medicine (internal medicine) Further rooms should be provided for the following specialisms:
• ophthalmology: Treatment room (25 m2) with slit lamp, capable of being darkened; squint treatment room;
laser room.
• Ear, nose and throat: Treatment room (25-30 m2 ), capable of being darkened, with treatment table or
treatment chair for examinations.
• Radiology : Radiology requires rooms in which ionizing radiation is applied for diagnostic and therapeutic
purposes. It should be near the outpatients department and the ambulance approach road. The heavy weight
of the equipment (up to approx. 14 t) means that this department is better located on the ground or first
basement. A connecting room for staff, which also serves as store, dictation room and possibly as switch room,
is advantageous. The size of the departments' rooms is determined by the large medical equipment and related
technology. Sonography, mammography and jaw radioscopy need room sizes of approx. 15-18 m2, radioscopy
and exposure rooms approx. 20-30 m2. The access for patients should be through two changing cubicles for
each radioscopy room and a wide (1.25 m) door for beds is also necessary.
Layout Planning for the OPD Area

1 Floor Plan

The first step in designing an OPD for a 100-bed hospital is to draw a floor plan that maximizes
efficiency and accessibility.

2 Traffic Flow

Careful consideration should be given to patient flow to ensure that there are no bottlenecks in the
busy OPD area.

3 Zone-wise Planning

A zone-wise approach to planning can help to organize the outpatient departments more
efficiently.
Department of Outpatient Services
Specialties available in the Outpatient Clinic:
• General Medicine: Provides comprehensive medical care for common illnesses and conducts routine health check-ups.

• General Surgery: Offers consultations and minor surgical procedures for a variety of surgical conditions.

• Pediatrics: Specializes in the care of infants, children, and adolescents.

• Gynecology and Obstetrics: Provides care for women's reproductive health, including prenatal and postnatal care.

• Orthopedics: Focuses on musculoskeletal disorders, bone fractures, and joint problems.

• Dermatology: Specializes in skin disorders and cosmetic treatments.
• Ophthalmology: Provides eye care, vision testing, and treatment for eye diseases.
• ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat): Deals with disorders related to the ear, nose, throat, and neck.
• Dentistry: Offers dental consultations, oral health check-ups, and dental procedures.
• Cardiology: Focuses on heart-related conditions and cardiovascular health.
• Pulmonology: Specializes in respiratory disorders and lung health.
• Neurology: Deals with disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.
• Gastroenterology: Addresses gastrointestinal issues and diseases of the digestive system.
 Specialties Available in the Outpatient Clinic
• Nephrology: Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney-related conditions and renal care.

• Urology: Focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract disorders and urological surgeries.

• Psychiatry: Provides mental health assessments and treatment for a variety of psychiatric disorders.

• Endocrinology: Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of hormonal disorders and metabolic conditions.

• Rheumatology: Focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune and musculoskeletal diseases.

• Oncology: Deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, providing both medical and surgical treatment options.

• Physiotherapy: Offers a range of physical therapy and rehabilitation services to help patients recover from injuries or surgeries.

• Nutrition and Dietetics: Provides dietary guidance and nutritional counseling to help patients maintain a healthy lifestyle.

• Radiology and Imaging: Offers various diagnostic imaging services like X-rays, ultrasounds, and MRIs to aid in the diagnosis and
treatment of medical conditions.
• Laboratory Services: Conducts diagnostic tests and blood work to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions.

• Pharmacy: Dispenses prescribed medications and provides medication counseling to ensure safe and effective use of medication.

• Emergency Department: While not strictly part of the OPD, many hospitals have an emergency department adjacent to or within the
OPD to handle urgent medical cases.
The Impact of Good Design on Healthcare
Outcomes

A Positive Environment Efficient Workflow Better Diagnosis

A well-designed OPD can create a Efficient design can help reduce The right layout and organization
positive environment, boost wait times, streamline patient of departments can help doctors
patients' morale, and improve flow, and improve overall clinic make a more accurate diagnosis
recovery rates. functionality. and provide better quality care.
Challenges During the Study
1 Space Constraints 2 Budget Limitations

Optimal planning of each Designing a modern, state-of-

department must be done the-art hospital OPD within a
under tight space constraints. tight budget requires careful
The plan must meet all the planning and smart decision-
norms and regulations. making.

3 Patient Preferences

Understanding different patients' needs and preferences can be a

challenge, but it's necessary to provide effective care.
Thank You