Potential

Energy and
Kinetic Energy
Objectives
• Identify and explain the factors that affect potential
and kinetic energy
1. Define kinetic energy.
2. Identify the factors that affect the Kinetic Energy
possessed by a body.
3. Calculate the kinetic energy of a moving body
• Describe the activity performed by the boy
 Energy (E) is defined as the capacity to do work
(scalar)
 Many forms
 Never created or destroyed , only be stored or transferred
 chemical, sound, heat, nuclear, mechanical
 Kinetic Energy (KE):
 energy due to motion
 Potential Energy (PE):
 energy due to position or deformation
 Nature of Energy
• Because of the direct connection between
energy and work, energy is measured in the
same unit as work: joules (J).
• In addition to using energy to do work, objects
gain energy because work is being done on
them.
ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED NOR
DESTROYED BUT CAN BE
TRANSFORMED FROM ONE FORM
TO ANOTHER
• Remember the Law of Conservation of Energy? It can't
be created or destroyed but when it is transformed
from one form to another we say that "WORK has
been done". Work is done whenever energy is passed
from one thing to another.
• It is in Newton-meters and sometimes in Joules.
Joules are a unit of energy (like Calories but much
smaller... there are 4180 joules in every Calorie)
Kinetic Energy

What is common in the following

situations?
⮚ A running athlete on the track,
⮚ A flowing water on the ground,
⮚ A falling coconut from its tree,
⮚ A rolling rock on the seashore
⮚ A soaring airplane into the air.
The energy of a moving object is called energy of motion or
kinetic energy (KE).

The word kinetic comes from the Greek word kinetikos which
means moving.

Kinetic energy measures the amount of work the object can do

because of its motion.

This can be computed using the formula:

KE = ½ mv²
where: KE is the kinetic energy in joule (J),
m is the object's mass in kilogram (kg),
v is the object's speed in meter per
second (m/s).
TAKE NOTE:

✔ the kinetic energy of an object depends on its mass and speed.

✔ What will happen to the KE of an object if its mass is doubled but the
speed remains the same?
✔ The KE of an object is also doubled.

✔ How about if the speed is doubled but the mass remains the same?
✔ The KE of an object increases four times.

This means that the greater the mass, the greater the kinetic
energy; and the faster the speed the higher the kinetic energy as
well.
PROBLEM SOLVING

How much KE possessed by a

68.1 kg female volleyball
player moving downward at
3.2 m/s after a block?
Compare KE possessed by:
 a 220 pound (100 kg) running back
moving forward at 4.0 m/s
 a 385 pound (175 kg) lineman moving
forward at 3.75 m/s
Given: Given:
m = 100 Kg m = 175 kg
v = 4.0 m/s v = 3.75 m/s
Select the equation and solve:
Select the equation and
KE = ½ m v2
solve:
KE = ½ (175kg)(3.75m/s)2
KE = ½ m v2
KE = 1230 J
KE = ½ (100 kg)(4.0 m/s)2
KE = 800 J
PROBLEM SOLVING
How much KE in a 5 ounce
baseball (0.141 kg) thrown
at 80 miles/hr (35.8 m/s)?
4.What is the Kinetic Energy of a 150 kg object that
is moving with a speed of 15 m/s?
5. An object has a kinetic energy of 25 J and a mass
of 34 kg , how fast is the object moving?
6. An object moving with a speed of 35
m/s and has a kinetic energy of 1500 J, what is
the mass of the object?
7.An object has a kinetic energy of 14 J and a mass
of 17 kg , how fast is the object moving?
8. An object moving with a speed of 67 m/s and
has a kinetic energy of 500 J, what is the mass of
the object.
9. What is the velocity of a 500-kilogram elevator
that has 4,000 joules of energy?
Assessment:

Tell whether each statement is true or false:

1. When work that is done on a body increases its

velocity, then, there is an increase in the kinetic energy
of the body.
2. The kinetic energy of a more massive object at rest is
greater than that of a less massive moving object.
 3. If the velocity of a moving object is doubled, its
kinetic energy increases.
4. The unit of kinetic energy is the same as the
unit of work.
Objectives
• Identify and explain the factors that affect potential
and kinetic energy
1.Define Potential Energy
2.Identify factors that affect the Potential energy of a
body.
3.Calculate the Potential Energy of an object
 What is It

Potential Energy
In the previous lesson, you were asked if the man lifting the box
is doing work on it.

Which or who is doing work in

Figure 1?
Is it the table, the box, or the man?

Figure 1. A man lifting a box

 What is It Yes, you are correct! The man is doing
work on the box. Specifically, the force he
applied while lifting is doing work on the
box.
Potential Energy
What
In the previous lesson, you were asked if the man lifting theis the direction of the force
box
is doing work on it. exerted by the man on the box?
What is the direction of the motion
of the box?

Work is a way to transmit energy.

When the man exerted force in lifting
the box, he loses energy.
Figure 1. A man lifting a box Work is done on the box, and the box
gains energy
⮚ force of gravity is the force exerted by the Earth on all things.

F = Weight = mg

The work done in lifting the object is:

W = Fd
where, the displacement (d) is the height (h) the object is raised.

Thus, the work done in lifting the object against the

gravitational force is given by
W=mgh
 Gravitational Potential
Energy
• Potential energy that
is dependent on
height is called
gravitational potential
energy.
The energy that the body gains or losses with
respect to its position is called potential energy
(PE) and is given by
PE=mgh

where: PE is the potential energy in joules (J);

m is the object's mass in kilograms (kg);
g is the acceleration due to gravity which
is 9.8 m/s²;
h is the height of the object from the
reference point (e.g., ground) in
meters (m).
Problems
1.Calculate the potential energy of a rock with
a mass of 55 kg while sitting on a cliff that is
27 m high.
2. An automobile is sitting on a hill which is 20
m higher than ground level. Find the mass of
the automobile if it contains 362,600 J of
potential energy.
3. A 10 kg mass is lifted to a height of 2 m. What
is its potential energy at this position?
4. A student with a mass of 80kg runs up three
flights of stairs in 12 seconds. the student has
gone a vertical distance of 8m. determine the
amount of work done by the student to elevate
his body to this height. the speed is constant.
5. What potential energy is acquired by a hammer
with a mass of 0.75 kg when raised 0.35m?
6. At what height is an object that has a mass of 50
kg, if its gravitational potential energy is 9800 J?
7. If 2 J of work is done in raising a 180 g apple, how
far is it lifted?
8. a car with a mass of 800kg is travelling at a
velocity of 100km/hr. calculate its KE?
9. A herder is herding his sheep. A mother sheep and
its lamb are both running at 2.7m/s. The sheep has a
mass of 80kg and the lamb has a mass of 25kg.
calculate the KE for each of the sheep and the lamb.
10. A man climbs on to a wall that is 3.6m high and
gains 2268J of potential energy. What is the mass of
the man?
• A car is lifted a certain distance in a service
station and therefore has potential energy
relative to the floor. If it were lifted twice as
high, how much potential energy would it
have?
►1. An object from a certain height
falls freely. Which of the following
happens to PE and KE when the • 2. How do you compare the PE
object is half on its way down? of the moving object at the
highest point compared to its
A. loses PE and gains KE
KE?
B. gains PE and loses KE
A.PE is greater than KE
C. loses both PE and KE
B. PE is equal to KE
D. gains both PE and KE
C. PE is lesser than KE
D.KE is greater than PE
►3. Which of the following quantities
has the greatest influence on the
amount of kinetic energy of a car 4. Which of the following pair of
while traveling on a highway? quantities are the factors that
A. mass affect kinetic energy?
B. size A. force and distance
C. speed B. mass and height
D. weight C. mass and speed
D. time and height
Activity: How POWER-FUL am I?
Name Weight Height Time taken Energy
(N) of stairs to climb Expended Power
(m) the stairs (J) ( J/s )
(s)
Guide Questions
• Who among the group members had the highest power output?
• What is the highest power output?
• Who among the group members had the lowest power output?
• What is the lowest power output?
• What can you say about the work done by each member of the
group?
• Did each member perform the same amount of work in climbing the
stairs? Why?
• What factors determine the highest/lowest power output?