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Lecture 6
Lecture 6
Overview
Register Transfer
Arithmetic Micro-operations
Logic Micro-operations
Shift Micro-operations
CSE 211
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 2
CSE 211
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 3
Logic Microoperations
CSE 211
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 4
Hardware Implementation
Ai
0
Bi
1
4X1 Fi
MUX
2
3 Select
S1
S0
Function table
S1 S0 Output -operation
0 0 F=AB AND
0 1 F = AB OR
1 0 F=AB XOR
1 1 F = A’ Complement
CSE 211
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 5
Selective-set AA+B
Selective-complement AAB
Selective-clear A A • B’
Mask (Delete) AA•B
Clear AAB
Insert A (A • B) + C
Compare AAB
CSE 211
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 6
1 1 0 0 At
1010 B
1 1 1 0 At+1 (A A + B)
If a bit in B is set to 1, that same position in A gets set to 1, otherwise that bit
in A keeps its previous value
2. In a selective complement operation, the bit pattern in B is used to
complement certain bits in A
1 1 0 0 At
1010 B
0 1 1 0 At+1 (A A B)
If a bit in B is set to 1, that same position in A gets complemented from its
original value, otherwise it is unchanged
CSE 211
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 7
0 1 0 0 At+1 (A A B’)
If a bit in B is set to 1, that same position in A gets set to 0, otherwise it is
unchanged
4. In a mask operation, the bit pattern in B is used to clear certain bits in A
1 1 0 0 At
1010 B
1 0 0 0 At+1 (A A B)
0 1 1 0 At+1 (A A B)
CSE 211
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 9
CSE 211
Question
• Register A:1100 Register B:1010 After applying
Selective-Complement on the given data,
value of register A is:
– 1001
– 0111
– 1000
– 0110
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 11
Shift Microoperations
• There are three types of shifts
– Logical shift
– Circular shift
– Arithmetic shift
• What differentiates them is the information that goes into the serial input
Serial
input
CSE 211
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 12
Logical Shift
• In a logical shift the serial input to the shift is a 0.
Circular Shift
• In a circular shift the serial input is the bit that is shifted out of the other
end of the register.
Arithmetic Shift
• An arithmetic shift is meant for signed binary numbers (integer)
• An arithmetic left shift multiplies a signed number by two
• An arithmetic right shift divides a signed number by two
• Sign bit : 0 for positive and 1 for negative
• The main distinction of an arithmetic shift is that it must keep the sign of
the number the same as it performs the multiplication or division
sign
bit
CSE 211
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 15
Arithmetic Shift
• An left arithmetic shift operation must be checked for the overflow
0
sign
bit
CSE 211
Question
• What is the effect on the output if ashr
operation is performed?
– Subtraction by 2
– Multiplication by 2
– Division by 2
– Addition by 2
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 17
CSE 211
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 18
0 0 0 0 0 F=A
D
Arithmetic i 0 0 0 0 1 F=A+1
Circuit 0 0 0 1 0 F=A+B
Select 0 0 0 1 1 F=A+B+1
0 0 1 0 0 F = A + B’
0 0 1 0 1 F = A + B’+ 1
0 4x1 0 0 1 1 0 F=A-1
C i+1 F
1 i
MUX
0 0 1 1 1 F=A
2
3 0 1 0 0 X F=AB
E 0 1 0 1 X F = A B
Logic i
Bi 0 1 1 0 X F=AB
Circuit
A 0 1 1 1 X F = A’
i
1 0 X X X F = shr A
shr
A
i-1 1 1 X X X F = shl A
shl
A
i+1
CSE 211