STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF

POWERHOUSE
AMRIT BHETUWAL 076BCE017
ASEEM GODAR 076BCE027
ANSHU NIRAULA 076BCE185
BIGYAN THAPA 076BCE191
SAURAV BHATTARAI 076BCE158

Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus

Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Nepal

Project Supervisor: ASSOC. PROF. DR. HARI RAM PARAJULI

Midterm Project Presentation|<2nd October 2023>

 CONTEXT OF THE PROJECT
•STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF POWERHOUSE

•POWERHOUSE CAPCITY: 10MW

•DESIGN DISCHARGE: 7.5 CUMECS

•FOUNDATION: HALF SOFT SOIL AND HALF ROCK

•LOCATION: KUYELE KHOLA, LAMJUNG

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 2
 UNIQUE COMPONENTS

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 3
 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION

• FIRST AND SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

• FLUID MECHANICS

• TURBINE THEORY

• GENERATOR THEORY

• STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 4
 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
S LIST OF OBJECTIVES PROGRESS
N
1 PRELIMINARY DIMENSIONING OF POWERHOUSE 100%
A. SELECTION OF TURBINE
B. SIZE OF TURBINES
C. SIZE OF UNIT BAY, ERECTON BAY, AND CONTROL BAY

2 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
A. ELEVATIONS AND SECTONS 100%
B. COLUMN LAYOUT 100%
C. DETAILS OF MACHINE HALL, SECTONS -

3 DESIGN LOADS
A. DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOAD 50%
B. WIND LOAD 100%
C. EOT CRANE LOAD 100%
D. SEISMIC LOAD -

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 5
 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

SN LIST OF OBJECTIVES PROGRESS

4 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 25%
A. STRUCTURAL FRAMES IN ETAABS
B. REACTIONS AT BASE
C. CRITICAL SECTIONS FOR MOMENT AND SHEAR

5 DESIGN OF SUPERSTRUCTURE
A.ROOF AND ROOF SUPPORT
B. CRANE BEAMS
C. CRANE COLUMNS
D. BEAMS AND SLABS
E. RCC WALL
F. GENERATOR FOUNDATION

6 DESIGN OF SUBSTRUCTURE
A. PILE FOUNDATION FOR SOIL
B. DRUM FOUNDATION FOR ROCK

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 6
 METHODOLOGY

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 7
 METHODOLOGY STEPS
1. Literature Review:
– Design Guidelines for Hydropower Projects-2018 (Ministry of Energy, Water resources, and
Irrigation, Department of Electricity Development)
– Guidelines-for-Study-of-Hydropower-Projects-2018
– (2020)Powerhouse-State Of Art
– Small-Hydropower-Definition-and-Glossary-of-Terms
2. Site Visit and Data Collection:
– We were provided with the powerhouse capacity and design discharge with which we calculated
the required net head.
– Various codes were collected:
a.Is 875 for dead, live, wind and crane loads
b.Is 1893:2016 for earthquake forces
c.Is 4247-1993 and IS 4247-1992 for design of surface powerhouse
d.Is 456-2000 for design of RCC structures
e.IS 12800 for turbine selection and design

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 8
 METHODOLOGY STEPS
3. Preliminary Dimensioning of Powerhouse And Turbine Selection:
With the collected data preliminary design of the powerhouse was done along with selection of
turbine.
4. Preliminary Design:
Preliminary design was done with the help of IS456:2000. Our group did the preliminary design for
the beams, columns and slabs of the powerhouse.
5. Preliminary Working Drawing:
With the help of civil 3D the preliminary working drawing of the powerhouse was developed.
6. Generation of the Model:
From the working drawing we generated the structural drawing in ETABS.
7. Design of Members and Roof truss
8. Analysis of the Model
9. Seismic Capacity Evaluation
Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 9
RESULTS
For Crane load:

https://nordiccrane.com/en/cranecalculator/

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 10
 RESULTS
Preliminary Dimensioning of Powerhouse and Selection Of Turbine:
For the type of turbine:

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 11
 RESULTS
For Powerhouse Dimensioning:
Head (H) =155m
Discharge (Q) =3.75m3/s
η= 0.9
Now, P=0.9*9.81*155*3.75
=5131.85kw
=6879.16HP
Specific speed, Ns= 2400/√H
=192.77rpm
Trial synchronous speed,
N= NsH^(5/4)/(√P)
= 1271 rpm
No of poles (Np) = 120*f/N
=120* 50/1271
=4.72
=8

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 12
 RESULTS
Corrected synchronous speed,
N=120*f/Np
=120*50/8=750rpm
Ns= (750√6879.16)/(155 5⁄4)
=133.74rpm
Qs=0.0211 Ns2/3
=0.495m
Runner diameter D=(84.6*0.499*1551/2)/750
=0.695
=0.7m
Turbine Setting
Hs ≤ Hb - σ H -Hv
Take, altitude above sea level 750m and 30 deg Celsius
From fig 2
Hb – Hv = 8.75m
From figure 3A, Is 1280 – 1
Thoma’s coefficient, σ = 0.055
Hs ≤ 8.75 -0.055*155
Hs≤ 0.225m
The centerline of distributor is set 0.5m below the minimum tailrace level.

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 13
 RESULTS
IS 12800.1.1993 is used for preliminary dimensioning and layout of powerhouse. However, the
final dimensioning should be verified after getting the exact dimension of machinery for the
suppliers
Length of unit bay= 4D+3.7=6.5m
Width of unit bay= 4D+2.7= 5.5m
Take 1m distance between unit bays and 3m on each side for repair and maintenance.
Length of erection bay=5m
Length of control room=10m
Add 6.5m in width for control room and corridor
Total Length=6.5*2+1+3*2+5+10=35m
Total Width=5.5+6.5=12m
Dimension of Powerhouse=35m*12m

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 14
 RESULTS
Preliminary Design:
Preliminary Design of Beam
• Control Hall
For beam, preliminary design is done according to deflection criteria. According to Is 456:2000
CL 23.2.1. for simply continuous beams,
span⁄dmin=26 *modification factor
Calculating the modification factor
Fs=0.58 * fy * (area of x-Section of steel required )/(area of x-Section of steel provided )
=0.58*415*1(Assuming X-section area of steel required =area of steel provided
= 261 KN/m
Assuming the percentage of tension reinforcement
As =0.85bd/fy
Let’s us take 2% of the Tension reinforcement So we get the modification factor of 0.7

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 15
 RESULTS
• Beam along Y-direction
Longest span = L/26*modification factor = 300mm
Effective cover 30mm
Overall depth (d)= 300+30 = 330mm =350mm
NOW, Width of beam (b)= Width of beam =1/2D to 2/3D = 175 mm to 235 mm
Therefore, width of beam 220mm
Section of beam along Y-direction= (350 mm * 220 mm)
• Beam along X-direction:
Above process was repeated
Section of beam along X-direction = (400 mm * 250 mm)

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 16
 RESULTS
Thus the preliminary designs of the beams and slabs were done according to deflection criteria
from IS456:2000 CL 23.2.1.From IS456:2000 CL 39.6 we calculated the preliminary design of
column considering 3% Ag of steel. The size of slab was calculated as 175mm and that of
column was (450mm*450mm).

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 17
 CONCLUSION
• Two units of Francis Turbine carrying a discharge of 3.75 cumecs each were selected.

• The Total weight of EOT crane was calculated as 220KN (160KN+60KN).

• The overall centre to centre distance was calculated as 35m*12m.

• The maximum value of vertical force (Axial Force) occurred at B-3.

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 18
 ISSUES ENCOUNTERED
• Delay in the progress of the project due to lack of architectural drawing. Had to design
working drawing from scratch.

• Change in the layout between the working drawing and structural drawing.

• Seismic forces could not be calculated in ETABS do to the presence of two different
types of strata in the foundation.

• Inadequate Resources.

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 19
 PLANS FOR NEXT SEMESTER

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 20
 APPENDIX
• Powerhouse Elevation

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 21
 APPENDIX
• Plan Of Powerhouse

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 22
 APPENDIX
• Storey Level 1

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 23
 APPENDIX
• Base Level

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 24
 APPENDIX
• Roof Truss with CGI sheet load

Midterm Project Presentation for BE| Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus | IOE, TU | October, 2023 25