Application Protocol for IoT

MMS
Institut Teknologi Del
Overview
• Transport Layer
• IoT Application Transport Method
• Application layer protocol not present
• Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
• Generic web-based protocol
• IoT application layer protocol
Transport protocol vs Application
Protocol
• Transport protocol: Protocol for moving data from
one point to another
• Application protocol: Protocol that define a rule of
how the end user use the transport protocol

• Eggs distribution analogy

• Transport protocol: courier service, truck, public
transport
• Application protocol: should the eggs be wrapped?
Packed in special container? Stack it in buckets?
Transport protocol
IoT use IP-based network (TCP/UDP)
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• Connection oriented protocol
• Requires a session to get established between the source and destination
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• Connectionless protocol
• More lightweight compared to TCP faster transfer rate but no guarantee of delivery

The characteristic of the IoT application and transport protocol need to be

considered in process of using TCP or UDP
• How large is the data? How about the transfer frequency? Is the network
connection reliable?
• TCP add minimum 20 bytes TCP overhead, and UDP adds only 8 bytes
• TCP need more time in creating sessions (handshake)
• TCP guarantee delivery, UDP do not guarantee delivery
Case
• Transmitting small amount of data with high
frequency over reliable network  UDP
• Transmitting small amount of data with low
frequency over unreliable network  TCP
• Transmitting large amount of data with low
frequency over cellular network  TCP
• Transmitting stream of data (CCTV)  UDP
IoT Application Transport
Methods
• Application layer protocol not present
• Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
• Generic web-based protocol
• IoT application layer protocol
Application layer protocol not
present
• The data payload is directly transported on top of
the lower layers
• Without application layer, the data is transferred
with zero overhead
• Useful for low-cost/low power IoT device i.e LPWA
LoRAWAN
Example: low cost temperature
and relative humidity(RH) sensor
• Sensor only transmit 4 bytes of data that contain
information of temperature and humidity (2 bytes
for temperature and 2 bytes for RH)
Challenge with no Application
layer
• No Protocol = No Standard
• Device produced by different vendors have their
own formula
• User application need to be programmed to read
data from different kind of device?
Challenge with no Application
layer
SCADA (Supervisory control and
data acquisition)
• SCADA is an old protocol that was initially
implemented without IP over serial links, and later
adapted to Ethernet and IPv4.
• SCADA use DNP3 protocol to communicate over
serial network
• Adapting SCADA for IP by transporting DNP3
payload over IP network
Protocol stack for transporting
Serial DNP3 SCADA over IP
Deployment Scenario (SCADA over IP)
Generic Web-based Protocols
• The availability and the familiarity of web protocols
drive the utilization of web protocols
• Preferred to be used with non constrained device
• Data communication uses common data format to
ease the data processing and integration (note:
bandwidth is not a constrain)
• JSON, XML can be transported over HTTP/HTTPS or
WebSocket
• Drawbacks? Heavy, lots of overhead, need more
bandwidth.
IoT Application Protocol
• CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)
• MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)
To be Continued…