First Aid

First Aid

 It is important to
have skills that will
keep you and others
safe.

 First Aid is about

using your common
sense and training in
order to keep people
safe.
Calling for help

 Calling for help is the most important thing you

can do in an emergency.

 If others are around, let them know there is an

emergency.

 If you can not help the person in a real

emergency by yourself and you are alone, dial
911.
 Concussion

 A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that

alters the way your brain functions.

 Effects of a concussion are usually temporary

but can include headaches as well as problems
with concentration, memory, balance, and
coordination.

 Concussions are common; particularly if you

play a contact sport such as football.
https://
www.youtube.com/
watch?v  The injury needs time and rest to heal properly.
People usually recover fully.
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Anaphylaxis
 Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening
allergic reaction.

 It can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to

something a person is allergic to.

 Anaphylaxis requires an immediate trip to the emergency

room and an injection of epinephrine. If it isn’t treated
right away, it can lead to unconsciousness or even death.

 Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis include skin

reactions; swelling of the face, eyes, lips, or throat;
difficulty breathing; nausea or dizziness.

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Qmzt94rRAw

 What should you do if you are with someone having an

allergic reaction with signs of anaphylaxis?
Minor Burns

 For minor burns, hold the burned area under

cool (not cold) running water for 10 to 15
minutes or until the pain eases.

 Be sure to remove any tight items (jewelry,

clothing) from the burned area.

 Apply moisturizer or aloe vera to provide

some pain relief.

 Seek medical help if large blisters develop or

if you notice signs of an infection, such as
oozing or increased pain/swelling.
 Major Burns

 Call 911 for help with all major burns. Until an

emergency unit arrives, take these actions:
 Make sure the scene is safe.
 Do not remove burned clothing stuck to the
skin.
 Remove jewelry, belts, and other restrictive
items in case of swelling.
 Do not immerse large burns in cold water.
 Wrap the burned area with a bandage, if
https:// possible.
www.youtube.com/watch?
v  Elevate the burned area above heart level, if
=g0ldWWPS0rs possible.
 It may be unclear what level
of care is needed for a burn.
Try to judge the burn based
on the following categories. Minor Burn or Major Burn?

1st-degree burn 2nd-degree burn

• A first-degree burn is the
least serious type, involving
only the outer layer of skin. It
may cause redness, swelling,
and pain. You can usually treat
a first-degree burn as a minor
burn.
• A second-degree burn is more
serious. It may cause splotchy
skin, swelling, pain, and
blisters. If the second-degree
burn is larger than 3 inches, it
should be treated as a major
burn.

3rd-degree burn
• The most serious burns involve all layers of the skin and underlying fat. Muscle
and bone may even be affected. The person may experience difficulty breathing
or other toxic effects.
https://
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h?v
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 Choking occurs when a foreign object becomes lodged in
the throat or windpipe, blocking the flow of air.

 The universal sign for choking is hands around the throat.

If the person doesn’t give the signal, look for these
indicators:
 Inability to talk
 Difficulty breathing
https://  Inability to cough forcefully
www.youtube.com/watc  Skin, lips, and nails turning blue
h?v
=FEr9jjZ6fi8&list=PLL  Loss of consciousness
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 Heat Exhaustion
 Signs of heat exhaustion include faintness,
dizziness, nausea, heavy sweating with cold skin,
rapid pulse, pale face, muscle cramps, headache,
and fatigue.

 Heat exhaustion can begin suddenly after working

or playing in heat or being dehydrated.

 If you suspect heat exhaustion:

 Move the person out of the heat and into a
shady or air-conditioned space.
 Lay the person down and slightly elevate legs
and feet.
 Remove tight or heavy clothing.
 Have the person drink cool water or another
caffeine-free beverage.
 Sponge or spray the person with cool water.

 Closely monitor the person; if the person’s

condition worsens, call 911.
 Hypothermia

 Hypothermia occurs when your  Steps you can take:

body loses heat faster than it can
produce heat.  Gently move the person out
of the cold.
 It is often caused by exposure to
cold weather or immersion in a  Do not rewarm the person
cold body of water. too quickly; replace wet
clothing with warm, dry
 Signs and symptoms may include
coats or blankets.
shivering, slurred speech, shallow
https:// breathing, lack of coordination,
www.youtube drowsiness, confusion, and loss of
 Do not rub the arms or legs;
.com/watch?v this can stress the heart and
consciousness.
=vzwl4Bkt2S lungs.
g  Immediately call 911 if you
believe someone has hypothermia.
 Frostbite
 First-aid steps for frostbite:

 Protect skin from further

exposure: warm hands by
 When exposed to very cold tucking them into your
temperatures, skin and underlying armpits, protect other
tissues may freeze. areas by covering with
gloved hands.
 The areas most likely to be affected by
frostbite are your fingers, toes, nose,  Get out of the cold and
ears, cheeks, and chin. remove wet clothing.

 If your skin pales or turns red, is hard  Soak frostbitten areas in

or waxy looking, is prickling or numb, warm water.
or is painful, a person may be
experiencing frostbite.

 You can treat very mild frostbite with

first-aid measures. All other frostbite
 Seizure

 Seizures are caused by abnormal electrical

activity in the brain.

 A person having a seizure might collapse, shake

uncontrollably, or have another brief disturbance
in brain function.

 Symptoms may vary depending on the part of the

brain involved; they may include unusual
sensations, uncontrollable muscle spasms, and
https:// loss of consciousness.
www.youtube.com
/watch?v
=4qWPFCFmRlI
 Animal Bites

 If a person is bit by an animal, follow these guidelines

 For minor wounds – if the bite barely breaks the skin
and there is no danger of rabies, wash the wound
https:// thoroughly with soap and water. Apply antibiotic
www.youtu cream and cover the bite with a clean bandage.
be.com/wat
ch?v  For deep wounds – if the bite creates a deep puncture
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Rabies: a 8SZM&inde with a clean, dry cloth and seek medical attention.
preventable viral x=3&list=P  For an infection – if there is visible swelling, redness,
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 For suspected rabies – seek immediate medical
attention.
a rabid animal.
 Domestic pets (cats and dogs) cause the most animal
pets. Bites from nonimmunized domestic animals and
 Insect Bites and Stings

 Most reactions to insect bites and stings are mild,

causing little more than redness, itching,
stinging, or minor swelling.

 For mild reactions: remove the stinger, wash the

area with soap and water, apply a cool compress,
apply cream to the area, and take a pain reliever
if needed.

https://  Seek emergency care if the injured person

www.youtube.com/watch? experiences difficulty breathing, swelling,
v dizziness, rapid heartbeat, hives, nausea,
=YkUW3pquCF4 vomiting, or if it was a poisonous insect.
 Difficulty Breathing

 If a person has trouble breathing:

 Call 911 immediately
 Check if the person is choking
 Remove any tight clothing
 Check if the person has any emergency
medication or medial needs
https://  Do not give the person any food or water
www.youtube.com/  Encourage the person to breathe slowly
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 Nosebleed

 If a person has a nosebleed:

 Pinch the nose with your fingers and lean the
body forward for about 10 minutes. Continue
to do this until the nose stops bleeding. After,
you can ease the pain with ice

https://
 Seek medical attention if:
www.youtube.com/  The nose is broken
watch?v  You suspect a head injury
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dex=26&list=PLLA  The blood is a strange color
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