Module description

Contacts

Name: TUYISHIMIRE Anastase

Tel: +250789644165
Email: tuyishimirase@gmail.com
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this module, trainee will be able to:
• 1. Identify correctly brake system used in
automobile
• 2. Repair correctly brake system used in
automobile
• 3. Service electronic brake control
• 4. Service heavy vehicle air brake System
 L.U.1: IDENTIFY BRAKE SYSTEM
Learning objective of this session:

By the end of this session, trainee will be able to:

• Classify correctly the brake system

• Identify properly brake components
 Two main functions of brakes:

• To slow down or stop the vehicle in the

shortest possible time at the time of need.

• To control the speed of vehicle at turns and

also at the time of driving down on a hill
slope.
 L.O.1.1: Classify brake system

Topic1: Classification of brake system

 By mode of operation
1. Mechanical brakes
2. Hydraulic brakes
3. Air brakes
4. Vacuum brakes
5. Electric brakes
Mechanical brakes
 Mechanical brakes cont’
Internal expanding shoe brakes are most commonly
used in automobiles. In an automobile, the wheel is
fitted on a wheel drum. The brake shoes come in contact
with inner surface of this drum to apply brakes.
Mechanical braking system is also called as manual
stretch braking, because the braking force is given by
means of pedal which is transmitted by means of wire
and ropes or mechanical linkages. A cam is attached
along with the brake shoes so that it can be actuated by
mechanical linkage. By revolution it brings contact
between the shoes and the drum, thereby reducing the
speed or to bring the vehicle to rest
Hydraulic brake
 Hydraulic brake cont’
The brakes which are actuated by the hydraulic
pressure (pressure of a fluid) are called hydraulic
brakes. Hydraulic brakes are commonly used in
the automobiles.
Air brakes
 Air brakes Cont’

Air brakes are applied by the pressure of

compressed air. An Air pressure applies force
on brakes shoes through suitable linkages to
operate brakes. An air compressor is used to
compress air. This compressor is run by engine
power.
Vacuum brake
 Vacuum brake cont’
• When the brake is in release position both side to servo cylinder is
exposed to vacuum. The upper valve of the control unit is in closed
position while the lower valve is in open position.
• Now when the driver presses the brake pedal, the master cylinder
comes into action which pushes the piston of control unit in upward
direction. This movement of piston opens the upper valve of control
unit and simultaneously closes the lower one.
• The opening of upper valve allows entering air into the servo cylinder
left side through control unit. This will create a differential pressure in
servo unit. This will push the servo piston at right side thus applied
brake.
• This arrangement of vacuum booster considerably reduces the effort
applied by the driver and whole braking force is applied by the
vacuum.
Electric brake
 Electric brake cont’
The magnet in the backing plate has 2 conductor
wires which tap directly into the trailer wiring.
When electricity is on, it magnetizes the brake
magnet. The magnet is attracted to the drum face.
When it contacts this area, the friction causes it to
rotate, which moves the actuating arm, and pushes
the shoes out against the drum. Those shoes have a
special brake pad material on them that resists the
heat caused by that friction. When the shoes press
against the inside of the drum, they prevent the
hub, and consequently the wheel that's touching
 By action on front or rear wheels

• (a)Front-wheel brakes
• Disc Brake is mostly usage in Front Wheel
Brakes.
• (b) Rear-wheel brakes
• Drum Brake is usage in Rear Wheel Brakes.
 By method of application of braking contact

• Internally – expanding brakes

 By method of application of braking
contact cont’
Externally – contracting brakes
 By method of actuation
 Foot brake (also called service brake) operated by
foot pedal
In the Automobile Engineering a brake operated by
applying pressure to a foot pedal then it is called
foot brake.
 Hand brake (it is also called parking brake)operated
by hand
 Parking brakes or emergency brakes are essentially
mechanical brakes operated by hand. These are
used to prevent the motion of vehicle when parked
at a place or when parked on slopes.
 L.O.1.2: Identify brake system components

Topic 2: Identification of brake components

Hydraulic brake components with ABS
Air brake components
 END OF TODAY’S THEORY

Practical (identification of brake components)

 Next topic

Description of brake components

Session 2
 Topic: Description of brake components

Objectives:
By the end of the session, trainee will be able to:

 Describe properly brake system’s components

used in automobile
Brake pedal
 Brake pedal cont.
• The brake pedal is where the brake’s hydraulic
system gets its start. When the brake pedal is
depressed, force is applied to the master
cylinder. On a basic hydraulic brake system
(where there is no power assist), the force
applied is transmitted mechanically. As the pedal
pivots, the force applied to it is multiplied
mechanically. The force that the pushrod applies
to the master cylinder piston is, therefore, much
greater than the force applied to the brake
pedal.
Brake booster
A brake booster assists braking by multiplying
the effort applied to the master cylinder when
the driver pushes down on the brake pedal. The
booster doubles or triples the force applied.
This reduces the pedal effort needed to stop
the vehicle for easier, safer braking.
 Types of brake booster
• Vacuum Boosters
• Hydro-Boosters
• Electro-Hydraulic boosters
Vacuum booster
 Operation of vacuum brake booster
When the brakes are applied, the valve rod and plunger move to the
left in the power diaphragm. This action closes the control valve’s
vacuum port and opens the atmospheric port to admit air through
the valve at the rear diaphragm chamber. With vacuum in the rear
chamber, a force develops that moves the power diaphragm,
hydraulic pushrod, and hydraulic piston or pistons to close the
compensating port or ports and force fluid under pressure through
the residual check valve or valves and lines into the front and rear
brake assemblies. As pressure develops in the master cylinder, a
counterforce acts through the hydraulic pushrod and reaction disc
against the vacuum power diaphragm and valve plunger. This force
tends to close the atmospheric port and reopen the vacuum port.
Since this force is in opposition to the force applied to the brake pedal
by the operator, it gives the operator a feel for the amount of brake
applied.
Hydraulic brake booster
Electro- hydraulic brake booster
 Master cylinder

• It is located on the end of the brake pedal

• it is used to distribute the fluid and pressure to
all wheel cylinders.
• Types of Master Cylinder
- Single circuit master cylinder
-Dual circuit master cylinder
Types of Master Cylinder
Single circuit master cylinder cont’
• The brake pedal lever pushes the plunger (piston)
inside the cylinder, which shoves fluid through the lines
and into the slave cylinders. When the brake pedal is
released, a spring inside of the cylinder pushes the
plunger back to its original position. Negative pressure
pulls the brake fluid into the cylinder from the lines and
from the brake fluid reservoir.
• Single circuit master cylinder distributes equal force in
all the wheels due to the use of single cylinder single
piston or circuit.
 Dual circuit master cylinder cont’
• When brake pedal is not actuated, the piston remains at their original place,
closing the inlet valve of both the compression chambers, which in turn cuts the
incoming of brake fluid between both the reservoir or both the reservoir
chambers.
• When the brake pedal is actuated, at first the primary piston moves due to which
opening of primary inlet valve takes place.
• Initially due to the movement of primary piston compression of the brake fluid
inside primary chamber takes place.
• After completion of the compression in primary chamber primary outlet valve
opens up and this compressed brake fluid is further sent to brake calipers through
brake lines and actuation of the primary circuit brakes take place.
• After the completion of the primary piston movement i.e. at its extreme end, the
secondary piston starts moving because of the force applied by the primary
piston’s spring which in turn opens the secondary valve and incoming of brake
fluid from secondary reservoir to secondary compression chamber takes place.
• This brake fluid is then compressed and after complete compression secondary
outlet opens up and this highly compressed fluid is sent to the brake calipers
through brake lines and actuation of the secondary circuit brakes take place.
Brake drum (drum brakes)
 Brake drum cont’
• A brake drum is a cylindrical drum that is attached to
the inside of a car’s wheel, and so rotates at the
same speed as the wheel. The drum surrounds a set
of brake shoes that are coated in materials that
generate friction.
• When the brake pedal is pressed, these shoes are
pushed outwards against the inner surface of the
brake drum, generating friction and so slowing the
car down.
• A brake drum is usually made of iron, rendering it
resistant to wear.
Brake rotor (disc brake)
 Brake rotor cont’
• A disc brake is a type of brake that uses the
calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc
or a "rotor" to create friction.
• This action slows the rotation of a shaft, such as
a vehicle axle, either to reduce its rotational
speed or to hold it stationary.
• The brake disc (or rotor) is the rotating part of a
wheel's disc brake assembly, against which the
brake pads are applied. The material is typically
gray iron, a form of cast iron.
Different types of Brake rotor (disc brake)
Brake pads
 Brake pads cont’
Brake pads are attached to your wheel, with
each one on either side of the wheel. When
you press the brake in your car, the brake pads
are pushed toward the wheel to apply friction
to stop the car.
 Types of brake pads
• Ceramic brake pads
• Low-Metallic Brake Pads
• Non metallic brake pads
• Non-Asbestos Organic (NAO) Brake Pads
• Semi-Metallic Brake Pads
Brake caliper
 Brake caliper cont’
• The brake caliper fits over the spinning rotor
and works much like a clamp
• Step on the brake pedal or pull the brake lever
and the pads within the caliper are pushed out
via pistons to make contact with the spinning
rotor.
• The friction generated by the action of the
pads on the disc is what slows the vehicle
 Brake caliper cont’
Main types of brake caliper:
• Floating (sliding)caliper
• Fixed caliper
Floating (sliding)caliper
 Floating ( sliding) caliper
• A floating caliper has piston(s) only on one side
of the rotor which slides back and forth on
bushings or pins, acting as a clamp.
• When the brakes are applied, the piston pushes
the brake pad only on the inboard side of the
rotor.
• The caliper then slides on the bushings or pins
and squeezes the outboard pad against the
rotor, and thus initiates braking action.
 Fixed caliper
• A fixed caliper usually consists of 2, 4, 6 or
even 8 pistons. A fixed caliper is mounted to a
bracket with no sliding pins or bushings in its
mount.
• The fixed caliper consists of an equal number
of pistons on both the inboard and outboard
halves of the caliper. It is generally accepted
that fixed calipers have better performance,
but at a higher cost.
Brake shoes
 Brake shoe cont’
• Brake shoes carry the brake lining inside brake
drum systems. They are a curved piece of metal,
with a friction material fixed to one side.
• When the driver applies the brake, a wheel
cylinder in the drum brake system forces the
brake shoe outward, against the inside of the
drum. This creates friction between the lining
and drum, causing the car to brake
 Types of brake shoes
Leading/ trailing shoe: “Leading (or primary) shoe” is a term
referring to the shoe that moves in the direction of rotation
when it is being pressed against the drum. The other shoe is
called the “trailing (secondary) shoe.”

The leading shoe is pressed in the same direction as the rotation

of the drums, and this rotation helps to press the shoes against
the drum with greater pressure for stronger braking force.

The two shoe function in a way they both become either the
trailing shoe or leading shoe depending on whether the vehicle
is traveling forward or backward.
Wheel cylinder
 Wheel cylinder cont’
• Wheel cylinders convert hydraulic pressure from the
master cylinder into a mechanical force at the brakes .
The wheel cylinder bore is filled with fluid. When the
brake pedal is depressed, additional brake fluid is forced
into the cylinder.
• The additional fluid moves the cups and pistons
outward. This piston movement forces the brake shoes
outward to the contact drum and thus applies the
brakes. Piston stops prevent the fluid leakage or air from
getting into the system when the pistons move to the
end of their bores.
Brake fluid container
 Brake fluid container cont’
• The reservoir may be cast as one piece with the cylinder
body, or it may be a separate molded nylon or plastic
container.
• The one-piece body and reservoir casting is usually made
of cast iron. The cylinder is directly below the reservoir.
• All reservoirs have a removable cover so that brake fluid
can be added to the system.
• Plastic reservoirs are often translucent so that fluid level
can be seen without removing the cover. Although this
feature allows a quick check of fluid level without
opening the system to the air, you should not rely on it
for thorough brake fluid inspection.
Types of brake fluid
Types of brake fluid cont.
Brake lines (tubing and hoses)
 Brake lines (tubing and hoses) cont’

• Brake line hoses offer flexible connections to

wheel units so steering and suspension
members can operate without damaging the
brake system.
• Most brake line tubing consists of copper-
fused double-wall steel tubing in diameters
ranging from 18 to 38 inch (3 mm to 9 mm).
ABS module & modulator unit
 ABS Module
ABS Module is a microprocessor that runs
diagnostic checks of a vehicle’s ABS and
process information from wheel speed sensor
and the hydraulic brake system to determine
when to release braking pressure at a wheel
that’s about to lock up and start skidding.
 ABS Modulator unit
• The modulator unit controls the flow of pressurized brake
fluid to the individual wheel circuits.

• Normally the modulator is made up of solenoids that open

and close valves, several valves that control the flow of
fluid to the wheel brake units, and electrical relays that
activate or deactivate the solenoids through the commands
of the control module.

• This unit may also be called the hydraulic actuator,

hydraulic power unit, or the electro hydraulic control valve.
Session 3
 Topic: Description of air brake system’s
components
Objectives: by the end of the session, trainee
will be able to:

 Describe pneumatic brake system components

Air brake system components
Air compressor
Air compressor operation
Operating principle of air compressor
Pneumatic governor
The governor which is usually compressor
mounted, operates in conjunction with the
compressor and maintains reservoir air
pressure between a predetermined maximum
and minimum pressure.
Air Reservoirs
Air dryer
• The air dryer is a desiccant-type in-line filtration system that
removes most liquid and water vapour from compressor
discharge air before it reaches the air brake reservoirs. This
results in only clean, dry air being supplied to the air brake
system, aiding in the prevention of air-line freeze-ups.
• Air dryers utilize a replaceable desiccant material that has
the ability to strip water vapour from moisture laden air.
The desiccant material is regenerative; in that its absorptive
properties are renewed each time the compressor is
reloaded.
• The air dryer end cover is equipped with an automatic drain
valve, controlled by the air-system governor, and is also
equipped with an integral heating element.
• Air dryers do not remove all the moisture. The reservoirs
still need to be drained daily when in use.
• Reservoirs are pressure-rated tanks, which hold a
supply of compressed air until required for braking or
operating auxiliary air systems. They must store a
sufficient volume of air to allow several brake
applications if the engine stops or the compressor fails.
• The maximum air pressure available for brake
applications depends on how much air is in the
reservoir. A driver is not able to make a higher pressure
brake application than there is air pressure in the
reservoir.
• Each reservoir is equipped with a drain valve called a
draincock. Fully opening the draincock allows
reservoirs to be drained of moisture and other
contaminants that build up in the system. All reservoirs
must be completely drained once a day when in use.
Safety valve
The supply reservoir is protected from being
over-pressurized and bursting by a safety valve.
This valve is pre-set (usually at 150 psi [1,034
kPa]) and will blow off excess pressure. Once
pressure is lowered, the safety valve will re-
seal until an over-pressurized condition exists
again.
If a safety valve blows off excess pressure, this
indicates a problem with the governor. The
problem should be dealt with immediately by a
qualified person.
Foot valve
Foot valve (application or treadle valve) This
foot-operated valve applies air to operate the
brakes.

The amount of air delivered to the brakes is

regulated by the driver according to the
distance the treadle or brake pedal is
depressed. Releasing it exhausts air in the
service brakes through its exhaust port.
Service-brake chambers
• Service-brake chambers convert compressed
air pressure energy into mechanical force and
movement, which apply the vehicle’s brakes.
• When you press down on the foot valve, air
pressure enters the pressure side of the brake
chamber through the inlet port and forces
against the diaphragm, which moves the push
rod assembly forward.
• When air pressure is released from the service-
brake chamber, the return spring returns the
diaphragm and push rod to their released
positions.
Brake Lining
The brake shoe lining provides friction
against the drum to stop the car. It contains
heat-resistant fibers.
The lining is molded with a high-temperature
synthetic bonding agent.
The two general methods of attaching the
lining to the shoe are riveting and bonding.
Wedge brake
The wedge air brake system is a type of drum
brake that includes drum brakes and shoes
with no exposed brake linkages air brake
chambers are mounted so their pushrods face
inward toward the brake shoes and drum.

The stroke of the brake chamber pushrod

slides a wedge between the brake shoes,
forcing them outward against the drum.
Wedge air brakes are designed to be self-
adjusting.
Session 4
 L.U.2: REPAIR BRAKE SYSTEM

Topic: Diagnose Brake System

Learning objectives:
• Trainee will be able to dismount, remount and
inspect visually the brake pedal .
• Trainee will be able to dismount, remount and
inspect visually the vacuum brake booster.
 Brake pedal inspection
• Depress and release the brake pedal several
times (engine running for power brakes).
• Check for friction and noise.
• Pedal movement should be smooth, with no
squeaks from the pedal or brakes.
• The pedal should return quickly when it is
released.
• When operating the engine, be sure the transmission
lever is in neutral or park.
• Be sure the area is properly ventilated for the exhaust
to escape.
• Apply heavy foot pressure to the brake pedal (engine
running for power brakes).
• Check for a spongy pedal and pedal reserve. Spongy
pedal action is springy.
• Pedal action should feel firm.
• Pedal reserve is the distance between the brake pedal
and the floor after the pedal has been depressed
fully.
• The pedal should not go lower than 1 or 2 inches (25
or 50 mm) above the floor.
• With the engine off, hold light foot pressure on the
pedal for about 15 seconds.
• There should be no pedal movement during this
time.
• Pedal movement indicates a leak.
• Repeat the procedure using heavy pedal pressure
(engine running for power brakes).
• If there is pedal movement but the fluid level is
not low, the master cylinder has internal leakage.
It must be rebuilt or replaced.
• If the fluid level is low, there is an external leak
somewhere in the brake system. The leak must be
repaired.
• Depress the pedal and check for proper
stoplight operation.
• To check power brake operation, depress and
release the pedal several times while the
engine is stopped.
• This eliminates vacuum from the system.
• Hold the brake down with moderate foot
pressure and start the engine.
• If the power unit is operating properly, the
brake pedal moves downward when the engine
is started.
 Vacuum brake booster servicing
• The fact that a vehicle’s brakes still operate when the
vacuum assist unit fails indicates that the hydraulic brake
system and the vacuum-assist system are two separate
systems.
• This means you should always check for faults in the
hydraulic system first.
• If it checks out satisfactorily, start inspecting the vacuum-
assist circuit.
• For a fast check of vacuum-assist operation, press the
brake pedal firmly and then start the engine.
• The pedal should fall away slightly and less pressure
should be needed to maintain the pedal in any position.
• Pressure Check Another simple check can be
made by installing a suitable pressure gauge in
the brake hydraulic system. Take a reading
with the engine off and the power unit not
operating. Maintain the same pedal height,
start the engine, and read the gauge. There
should be a substantial pressure increase if the
vacuum-assist booster is operating correctly.
• Pedal Travel Pedal travel and total travel are
critical on vacuum-assisted vehicles. Pedal
travel should be kept strictly to specifications
listed in the vehicle’s service manual.
• Vacuum Reading If the power unit is not giving
sufficient assistance, take a manifold vacuum
reading. If manifold vacuum level is below
specifications, tune the engine and retest the
unit.
• Loose or damaged vacuum lines and clogged
air intake filters reduce braking assistance.
Most units have a check valve that retains
some vacuum in the system when the engine is
off. A vacuum gauge check of this valve
indicates if it is restricted or stays open.
• Release Problems Failure of the brakes to release
is often caused by a tight or misaligned connection
between the power unit and the brake linkage.
• Broken pistons, diaphragms, bellows, or return
springs can also cause this problem. To help
pinpoint the problem, loosen the connection
between the master cylinder and the brake
booster.
• If the brakes release, the problem is caused by
internal binding in the vacuum unit. If the brakes
do not release, look for a crimped or restricted
brake line or similar problem in the hydraulic
system.
• Hard Pedal Power brakes that have a hard
pedal may have collapsed or leaking vacuum
lines of insufficient manifold vacuum.
• Punctured diaphragms or bellows and leaky
piston seals all lead to weak power unit
operation and hard pedal.
• A steady hiss when the brake is held down
indicates a vacuum leak that causes poor
operation.
• Grabbing Brakes First, look for all the usual
causes of brake grab, such as greasy linings, or
scored rotors or drums. If the trouble appears
to be in the power unit, check for a damaged
reaction control.
• The reaction control is made up of a
diaphragm, spring, and valve that tend to resist
pedal action. It is put into the system to give
the driver more brake pedal feel.
• Check of Internal Binding Release problems, hard
pedal, and dragging (slow releasing) brakes can all be
caused by internal binding.
• To test a vacuum unit for internal binding, place the
transmission/transaxle in neutral and start the
engine. Increase engine speed to 1,500 rpm, close
the throttle, and completely depress the brake pedal.
• Slowly release the brake pedal and stop the engine.
Remove the vacuum check valve and hose from the
vacuum assist unit.
• Observe for backward movement of the brake pedal.
If the brake pedal moves backward, there is internal
binding and the unit should be replaced.
 ASSIGNMENT NO1
• In your own words, use a neat sketch to
explain hydraulic brake system with ABS
SESSION 5,6,7
 L.U.2: REPAIR BRAKE SYSTEM
Objectives: Diagnose brake system
• By the end of the sessions, trainee will be able
to :
• Disassemble, clean, make visual inspection, and
assemble the drum brakes
• Disassemble, clean, make visual inspection, and
assemble the disc brakes
• Disassemble, clean, make visual inspection, and
assemble the master cylinder
Session 8
 Learning objectives
By the end of the session trainee will be able to:
• Select tools, materials and equipments
• Inspect and replace brake lines
• Perform brake System Bleeding
• Adjust service and parking brake
Select tools, materials and equipments required during brake repairing

• TOOLS
✓ Spanners ✓ Hummer ✓ Pliers ✓ Screwdrivers
✓ Brake caliper piston tools ✓ Allen key set
✓ Jack and jack stand ✓ Air brake bleeder tools
✓ Drum puller ✓ Drum brake adjuster
✓ Files ✓ Cutters ✓ Chisels ✓ Bolts extractors
✓ Brushes ✓ Air impact spanners
✓ Vernier caliper ✓ Micrometer ✓ Dial gauge
Tools
Spanners
Hammers
Pliers
Screwdrivers
 Materials

✓ Grease ✓ Brake pads ✓ Brake shoes

✓ Brake fluid ✓ Rags ✓ Solvents
✓ Sanding paper ✓ Anti-rust
 Equipments
✓ Car lifter ✓ Air Compressor
✓ Service bay/pit
✓ Brake rotor and drum lathe
✓ ABS diagnostic machine
✓ Brake fluid tester
✓ Brake bleeding vacuum pump
✓ Lining dust vacuum pump
✓ Bench vice ✓ Grease gun ✓ PPE
✓ Table grinder
Session 9,10
SERVICE ELECTRONIC BRAKE CONTROL
 L.U.3: SERVICE ELECTRONIC BRAKE CONTROL

Learning objectives:
By the end of the session, trainee will be able to:
• Select tools, materials and equipment
• Diagnose ABS, TCS Brake System
• Disassemble, Inspect and Clean ABS, TCS
Brake System Components
• Service Brake Warning System
• Test Brake System
 Diagnosis of ABS and TCS brake system:

• ✓ Visually inspect the disc brakes

• ✓ Testing the deceleration brakes
• ✓ Diagnose ABS using scan tool
• ✓ Diagnose TCS using scan tool
 Tools, materials and equipments required

-A car - Duster - Spanners - Hummer - Pliers -

Screw drivers - Brake caliper piston tools -
Allen key set - Jack and jack stand - Bolts
extractors - Brushes - Air impact spanners -
Vernier caliper - Micrometer - Dial gauge -
Grease - Brake pads - Brake fluid - Rags -
Solvents - Anti-rust - Car lifter - Service bay/pit
- ABS diagnostic machine - Brake fluid tester -
Grease gun - PPE
 Disassembling, Inspecting and cleaning
ABS and TCS components
✓ Valves
✓ Electrical Pump
✓ High pressure accumulator
✓ Speed sensor
✓ ABS Controller
 General troubleshooting on brake system

• Low Brake Fluid

• Problem With Anti-Lock Brakes (you see a
warning light that says, "ABS.“)
• Spongy Brakes
• Shaky Steering Wheel
• Strange Noises
 Testing of brake system
✓ Brake pads slippage
✓ Brake shoes slippage
✓ Brake pads performance
✓ Brake shoes performance
✓ Brake pads noise
✓ Brake shoes noise
✓ Brake pedal vibrations
✓ Deceleration brake
 L.U4: SERVICE HEAVY VEHICLE AIR BRAKE
SYSTEM
• Selection of Tools:
✓ Spanners ✓ Hummer ✓ Pliers ✓ Screw
drivers ✓ Allen key set ✓ Jack and jack stand ✓
Drum puller ✓ Drum brake adjuster ✓ Files ✓
Chisels ✓ Bolts extractors ✓ Brushes ✓ Air
impact spanners ✓ Vernier caliper ✓
Micrommeter ✓ Dial gauge ✓ Gear bearing
puller ✓ Air ratchet ✓ Blow gun ✓ Bench vice
✓ Cam air brake Spring tool ✓ Compressor
tools
 Selection of Materials
✓ Brake shoes ✓ Rags ✓ Solvents ✓ Sanding
paper ✓ Anti-rust ✓ Coupling heads

Selection of Equipment

✓ Car lifter ✓ Air Compressor ✓ Service bay/pit ✓

Brake rotor and drum lathe ✓ ABS diagnostic
machine ✓ Bench vice ✓ PPE ✓ Table grinder
 Diagnosis air brake system components
• ✓ Visually inspect air brake supply components
− Compressor − Air reservoir − Air lines − Coupling head − Anti
freeze pump
• ✓ Visually inspect air brake control components
− Foot valve − Trailer hand valve − Trailer park valve − Check
valves− Quick release valve − Pressure regulator − Four
circuit (way) protection valve
• ✓ Visually inspect air brake actuator components
• − Wheel cylinders − Spring parking brake − Wheel sensors –
Electronic controller − Pressure control valve
• ✓ Diagnose of air braking system pressure
End of module