GRADE

GRADE 11
11

WELCOME TO PRE-
CALCULUS
CLASS!
Ms. Ara Angela O. Gaytano, LPT
Teacher
CHECKING OF
ATTENDANCE 01
 RECITATION OF
02 THE ROSARY
 Math
Minute
ADDITION OF
INTEGERS
 REMINDERS

01 02
RECALL THE ANSWER THE
RULES INSIDE THE REFLECTIONS IN
CLASSROOM SCHOOLOGY

03
SEND A MESSAGE
IF THERE ARE
CONCERNS
LET’S PLAY A GAME!

Rebus Puzzle
Each rebus puzzle consists of
picture clues for you to guess. The
picture gives a hint to what sort of
answer or word you are looking for
(person, phrase, thing etc.)
 Trial:

Love
d=l
 Puzzle 1:

+rr+ Mirror
p=m x=r
 Puzzle 2:

op+ + Opposite
r=p
e=i -no
 Puzzle 3:

+a+ Parabola
a=o
e=p
l=a
 Puzzle 4:

Foci

x=ci
 Puzzle 5:

hy+ + +a Hyperbola
-w
-a
 GRADE
GRADE 11
11

Lesson 4:
Hyperbola
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the student shall have:

● described a hyperbola;
● determined the standard form of the equation of a hyperbola;
● sketched the graph of a hyperbola in a rectangular coordinate
system given its standard form; and
● Applied the concept of hyperbola in real-life.
 INTRODUCTION
Like an ellipse, a hyperbola has two foci and two vertices. A
hyperbola also looks like two mirrored parabolas whose
vertices lie on the same horizontal or vertical line and with
opposite openings of the graphs.
 HYPERBOLA

A hyperbola is formed
when a plane intersects a
doubled-napped cone.
When the plane is parallel
to its axis of the cone, then
a regular hyperbola is
obtained.
 Hyperbola is the set of all points P in a
plane such that the difference of its
distance from two fixed points, called foci,
is constant.

DEFINITION
In this Figure, the difference of the
distances of point from the foci,
and , is constant. In other words,
is constant.
 The Branches and Asymptotes

The graph of a hyperbola

consists of two different parts
which are called branches. The
broken lines which the graph of
the hyperbola approaches are
called the asymptotes.
 Conjugate and Transverse Axis

The segment that joins the

vertices is called the transverse
axis of the hyperbola.

The segment that other segment

is called the conjugate axis.
Vertices and Center

The highest and lowest

points of the hyperbola are
the vertices. The point
where the transverse and
conjugate axes intersects
is the center of the
hyperbola.
 TWO BASIC FORMS OF A HYPERBOLA

HYPERBOLA WITH HYPERBOLA WITH

HORIZONTAL TRANSVERSE VERTICAL TRANSVERSE
AXIS AXIS
HORIZONTAL TRANSVERSE AXIS

If the transverse axis is on

the x-axis or parallel to the
x-axis, then the hyperbola
has a horizontal transverse
axis.
Standard Forms of
The Equation of
Hyperbola
 HYPERBOLA WITH A HORIZONTAL
TRANSVERSE AXIS

The standard form of the equation of the hyperbola with a

horizontal transverse axis center at (h,k) is given by:

( 𝒙 −𝒉 )𝟐 ( 𝒚 −𝒌 )𝟐
𝟐
− 𝟐
=𝟏
𝒂 𝒃
where a and b are positive real numbers.
 Example 1:
Write the standard form of the hyperbola. Then determine the center of the hyperbola, the
vertices, and the endpoints of the conjugate axis.

Step 1: Transpose the constant term to the right side of the equation and divide both sides of
the equation by 36.
2 2
9 𝑥 − 4 𝑦 − 36=0
9 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑦 2=36 Standard Form:

9 𝑥 2 4 𝑦 2 36 𝑥 2
𝑦 2
− = − =1
36 36 36 4 9
 Example 1:

Write the standard form of the hyperbola. Then determine the center of the hyperbola, the
vertices, and the endpoints of the conjugate axis.
( 𝒙 −𝒉 )𝟐 ( 𝒚 −𝒌 )𝟐
𝟐
− 𝟐
=𝟏
𝒂 𝒃
Step 2: Identify the values of a and b.

𝑎=2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏=3

 Example 1:

Write the standard form of the hyperbola. Then determine the center of the hyperbola, the
vertices, and the endpoints of the conjugate axis.

𝑎=2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏=3

Step 3: Write the coordinates of the center, vertices, and endpoints. Since this equation has horizontal
transverse axis, the vertices is on the x-axis and the endpoints of the conjugate axis is on the y-axis.

𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 : ( 0 , 0 )
𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 : ( 2 ,0 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ( −2 , 0 )
𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡 h 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠: ( 0 , 3 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ( 0 ,− 3 )
 Example 2:
Write the standard form of the hyperbola. Then determine the center of the hyperbola, the
vertices, and the endpoints of the conjugate axis.

Step 1: Transpose the constant term to the right side of the equation. Group all the x and y
terms, then complete the square.
2 2
𝑥 − 𝑦 +8 𝑥 +2 𝑦 =−14 Standard Form:

( ( 𝑥+ 4 ) − ( 𝑦 −1 )2 =1
2

(
 Example 2:
Write the standard form of the hyperbola. Then determine the center of the hyperbola, the
vertices, and the endpoints of the conjugate axis.

Step 2: Identify the values of a and b.

𝑎=1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏=1

Step 3: Write the coordinates of the center, vertices, and endpoints. Since this equation has horizontal
transverse axis, the vertices is on the x-axis and the endpoints of the conjugate axis is on the y-axis.

𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 : ( − 4 , 1 )𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠: (− 3 , 1 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑(− 5 , 1)( −𝟒 +𝟏 , 𝟏 ) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (− 𝟒 −𝟏 ,𝟏)

𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡 h 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠: ( −4 , 2 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ( − 4 , 0( −𝟒
) ,𝟏+𝟏 ) 𝒂𝒏𝒅(− 𝟒,𝟏−𝟏)
 NOW, IT’S
YOUR TURN!
 Exercise 1:
Write the standard form of the hyperbola. Then determine the center of the hyperbola, the
vertices, and the endpoints of the conjugate axis.

Step 1: Transpose the constant term to the right side of the equation and divide both sides of
the equation by 36.

Step 2: Identify the values of a and b.

Step 3: Write the coordinates of the center, vertices, and endpoints. Since this equation has horizontal
transverse axis, the vertices is on the x-axis and the endpoints of the conjugate axis is on the y-axis.
 Latus Rectum and Foci

The chord through the focus and

perpendicular to the transverse axis is
called the latus rectum of the
hyperbola. Its length is given by

The value of c in the coordinates of a

focus is defined by

The coordinates of the latus rectum can be

obtained by
 In general, the asymptotes of a hyperbola
with a horizontal transverse axis is given by
the formula .
 Example 3:
Sketch the graph of the hyperbola. Determine the equations of the asymptotes, vertices, the
endpoints of the conjugate axis, foci, length, and coordinates of the endpoints of the latus
rectum of the hyperbola.

Step 1: Identify the center and the values of a and b.

𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 : ( 0 , 0 ) 𝑎=3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏=2
Step 2: Write the formula for the asymptotes and substitute its value.

𝒃 𝟐
𝒚 =± 𝒙 𝒚 =± 𝒙
𝒂 𝟑
 Example 3:
Sketch the graph of the hyperbola. Determine the equations of the asymptotes, vertices, the
endpoints of the conjugate axis, foci, length, and coordinates of the endpoints of the latus
rectum of the hyperbola.

𝑎=3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏=2

Step 3: Identify the vertices and the endpoints of the conjugate axis.
𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠: ( 3 , 0 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−3 , 0)
𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 : ( 0 , 2 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑(0 , −2)
 Example 3:
Sketch the graph of the hyperbola. Determine the equations of the asymptotes, vertices, the
endpoints of the conjugate axis, foci, length, and coordinates of the endpoints of the latus
rectum of the hyperbola.

𝑎=3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏=2

Step 4: Write the formula for foci. Substitute the values. Identify the coordinates of the foci.

𝑐= √ 𝑎 +𝑏 2 2 𝑐= √ 3 2 +22 ( 𝑐 , 0 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑(− 𝑐 , 0)
𝑐= √ 9+ 4
𝑐= √ 13
 Example 3:
Sketch the graph of the hyperbola. Determine the equations of the asymptotes, vertices, the
endpoints of the conjugate axis, foci, length, and coordinates of the endpoints of the latus
rectum of the hyperbola.

𝑎=3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏=2

Step 5: Write the formula for the length of the latus rectum. Substitute the values. Identify the
coordinates of the endpoints of the latus rectum at the right and left branches of the hyperbola.

𝟐
2 𝒃
2𝑏 (𝒄 ,
𝒂
)
𝑎
The length of the latus
rectum is
 Step 6: Sketch the graph of the
parabola using the values.
𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 : ( 𝟎, 𝟎 )

𝒇𝒐𝒄𝒊: ( √𝟏𝟑 ,𝟎 ) 𝒂𝒏𝒅(− √𝟏𝟑 ,𝟎)

𝟐
𝒂𝒔𝒚𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒔 : 𝒚 =± 𝒙
𝟑
 NOW, IT’S
YOUR TURN!
 Exercise 2:
Sketch the graph of the hyperbola. Determine the equations of the asymptotes, vertices, the
endpoints of the conjugate axis, foci, and coordinates of the endpoints of the latus rectum,
and the eccentricity of the hyperbola.

Step 1: Identify the center and the values of a and b.

Step 2: Write the formula for the asymptotes and substitute its value.

Step 3: Identify the vertices and the endpoints of the conjugate axis.

Step 4: Write the formula for foci. Substitute the values. Identify the coordinates of the foci.

Step 5: Write the formula for the length of the latus rectum. Substitute the values. Identify the coordinates of
the endpoints of the latus rectum at the right and left branches of the hyperbola.

Step 6: Sketch the graph of the parabola using the values.

Vertical Transverse Axis

However, if the transverse

axis is on the y-axis or is
parallel to the y-axis, then
the hyperbola has a vertical
transverse axis.
 HYPERBOLA WITH A VERTICAL TRANSVERSE
AXIS

The standard form of the equation of the hyperbola with a

vertical transverse axis center at (h,k) is given by:

( 𝒚 − 𝒌 )𝟐 ( 𝒙 − 𝒉 )𝟐
𝟐
− 𝟐
=𝟏
𝒂 𝒃
where a and b are positive real numbers.
 The asymptotes of a hyperbola with a
vertical transverse axis is given by the
formula .
 Example 4:
Sketch the graph of the hyperbola. Determine the center and the equations of the asymptotes,
vertices, the endpoints of the conjugate axis, foci, length, and coordinates of the endpoints of
the latus rectum of the hyperbola.

Step 1: Identify the center and the values of a and b.

𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 : ( 0 , 0 ) 𝑎=2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏=1
Step 2: Write the formula for the asymptotes and substitute its value.

𝒂 𝟐
𝒚 =± 𝒙 𝒚 =± 𝒙 𝒐𝒓 ± 𝟐 𝒙
𝒃 𝟏
 Example 4:
Sketch the graph of the hyperbola. Determine the center and the equations of the asymptotes,
vertices, the endpoints of the conjugate axis, foci, length, and coordinates of the endpoints of
the latus rectum of the hyperbola.

𝑎=2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏=1

Step 3: Identify the vertices and the endpoints of the conjugate axis.
𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠: ( 0 , 2 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑(0 , −2)
𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡 h 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠: ( 1, 0 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑(− 1, 0)
 Example 4:
Sketch the graph of the hyperbola. Determine the center and the equations of the asymptotes,
vertices, the endpoints of the conjugate axis, foci, length, and coordinates of the endpoints of
the latus rectum of the hyperbola.

𝑎=2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏=1

Step 4: Write the formula for foci. Substitute the values. Identify the coordinates of the foci.

𝑐= √ 𝑎 +𝑏 2 2 𝑐= √ 2 2+ 12 ( 0 ,𝑐 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑(0 , −𝑐)
𝑐= √ 4 +1
𝑐= √ 5
 Example 4:
Sketch the graph of the hyperbola. Determine the center and the equations of the asymptotes,
vertices, the endpoints of the conjugate axis, foci, length, and coordinates of the endpoints of
the latus rectum of the hyperbola.

𝑎=2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏=1

Step 5: Write the formula for the length of the latus rectum. Substitute the values. Identify the coordinates of
the endpoints of the latus rectum at the right and left branches of the hyperbola.
𝟐
𝒃
2 ( , 𝒄)
2𝑏 𝒂
𝑎
The length of the latus
rectum is
Sketch the graph of the parabola
using the values.

𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑖: ( 0, √ 5, ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑(0,− √ 5,)

𝑎𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠: 𝑦=± 2𝑥