PART 91.

CASR 91.3
RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY OF PILOT IN
COMMAND
• (a) The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly
responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the
operation of that aircraft.
• (b) In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate
action, the pilot in command may deviate from any
rule of this part to the extent required to meet that
emergency.
• (c) Each pilot in command who deviates from a rule
under Paragraph (b) of this section shall, upon the
request of the Director, send a written report of that
deviation to the Director.
 CASR 91.7
CIVIL AIRCRAFT AIRWOTHINESS
• (a) No person may operate a civil aircraft
unless it is in an airworthy condition.
• (b) The pilot in command of a civil aircraft is
responsible for determining whether that
aircraft is in condition for safe flight. The pilot
in command shall discontinue the flight when
unairworthy mechanical, electrical, or
structural conditions occur.
 CASR 91.13.
CARELESS OR RECKLESS OPERATION
• No person shall operate an aircraft for the
purpose of air navigation or for operations on
any part of an airport (including areas used by
those aircraft for receiving or discharging
persons or cargo), in a reckless or reckless
manner so as to endanger or be likely to
endanger the life or property of any person.
 CASR 91.15.
DROPPING OBJECT
• No person shall create a hazard to persons or
property on the surface by dropping an object
from an aircraft in flight. However, this section
does not prohibit the dropping of any object if
reasonable precautions are taken to avoid
injury or damage to persons or property.
 CASR 91.17.
ALCOHOL OR DRUGS.
(a) No person may act or attempt to act as a
crewmember of a civil aircraft
(1) Within 8 hours after consuming alcohol;
(2) While under the influence of alcohol;
(3) While using any drug that affects the
person's faculties in any way contrary to
safety; or
(4) While having 0.04 percent by weight or
more alcohol in the blood.
 CASR 91.19.
CARRIAGE OF NARCOTIC DRUG, MARIHUANA,
AND DEPRESSANT OR STIMULANT DRUGS OR
SUBSTANCES .

(a) Except as provided in Paragraph (b) of this section,

no person may operate a civil aircraft within
Indonesia with knowledge that narcotic drugs,
marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or
substances as defined by law are carried in the
aircraft.
(b) Paragraph (a) of this section does not apply to any
carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and
depressant or stimulant drugs or substances
authorized by law or a national agency.
 CASR 91.25.
DOCUMENT TO BE CARRIED.
(a) An operator shall ensure that the following documents or
copies thereof are carried on each flight:
(1) Certificate of Registration;
(2) Certificate of Airworthiness;
(3) Noise Certificate (Noise Statement or Equivalent Doc.);
(4) Operation Specification; (Opspec);
(5) Aircraft Radio Permit;
(6) Third party Liability Insurance Certificate(s);

(b) Each flight crew member shall, on each flight, carry a valid
flight crew lisence with appropriate rating(s) for the purpose
of the flight.
91.105. FLIGHTCREW MEMBERS AT THE
STATION

KEEP THE SAFETY BELT

FASTEN
 91.107 SEATS, SAFETY BELTS, SHOULDER
HARNESSES, AND CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEMS

Safety briefing

Shoulder harness Safety belt Restrain

NO Fasten YES
 CASR 91.109.
FLT INST. SIM. INSTRUMENT. FLT.

•Both PPL holder;

•Safety pilot good vision.

Dual Flight Control

Instrument equipped
91.111. OPERATING NEAR OTHER AIRCRAFT.
No Person:
-Create hazard;
- Without coordination PIC;
- For hire.
 CASR 91.113.
RIGHT OF WAY

See and Avoid

Give Way Right of Way

 CASR 91.113.
RIGHT OF WAY
Aircraft in Distress
Right of Way
 NAVIGATION LIGHT.

1100 1100

1400
 CASR 91.113.
RIGHT OF WAY
Converging

Give Way

Right of Way
 CASR 91.113.
RIGHT OF WAY
Converging

Right of Way

Give Way
 CASR 91.113.
RIGHT OF WAY
Converging

Right of Way

Give Way
 CASR 91.113.
RIGHT OF WAY
Converging

Right of Way

Give Way
 CASR 91.113.
RIGHT OF WAY
Approaching Head On

Alter Course to the Right

 CASR 91.113.
Overtaking
RIGHT OF WAY

Give Way Right of Way

Maintain
Heading and
Speed

Alter Course to the Right

 CASR 91.113.
RIGHT OF WAY
Landing

Right of Way

Give Way
 CASR 91.113.
RIGHT OF WAY
Landing

Give Way

Right of Way
 CASR 91.117. AIRCRAFT SPEED
a) Class A and B

10 000 FT

IAS ≤ 250KT
 CASR 91.117. AIRCRAFT SPEED
a) Airport Class C and D

2500 FT

IAS ≤ 200KT

4 NM 4 NM
 CASR 91.117. AIRCRAFT SPEED
a) VFR Corridor Class B.

IAS ≤ 200KT VFR

Route
 CASR 91.113.
RIGHT OF WAY

• (b) General. When weather conditions permit,

regardless of whether an operation is conducted
under instrument flight rules or visual flight rules,
vigilance shall be maintained by each person
operating an aircraft so as to see and avoid other
aircraft. When a rule of this section gives another
aircraft the right of way, the pilot shall give way to
that aircraft and may not pass over, under, or ahead
of it unless well clear.
• (c) In distress. An aircraft in distress has the right of
way over all other air traffic.
 CASR 91.113.
RIGHT OF WAY

• (d) Converging. When aircraft of the same category

are converging at approximately the same altitude
(except head-on, or nearly so), the aircraft to the
other's right has the right of way. If the aircraft are of
different categories
– (1) A balloon has the right of way over any other category
of aircraft;
– (2) A glider has the right of way over an airship, airplane,
or rotorcraft; and
– (3) An airship has the right of way over an airplane or
rotorcraft.
• However, an aircraft towing or refueling other
aircraft has the right of way over all other engine
driven aircraft.
 CASR 91.113.
RIGHT OF WAY
(e) Approaching head-on. When aircraft are approaching each other head-on,
or nearly so, each pilot of each aircraft shall alter course to the right.
(f) Overtaking. Each aircraft that is being overtaken has the right of way and
each pilot of an overtaking aircraft shall alter course to the right to pass
well clear.
(g) Landing. Aircraft, while on final approach to land or while landing, have
the right of way over other aircraft in flight or operating on the surface,
except that they shall not take advantage of this rule to force an aircraft
off the runway surface which has already landed and is attempting to
make way for an aircraft on final approach. When two or more aircraft are
approaching an airport for the purpose of landing, the aircraft at the
lower altitude has the right of way, but it shall not take advantage of this
rule to cut in front of another which is on final approach to land or to
overtake that aircraft.
 CASR 91.117.
AIRCRAFT SPEED

(a) Unless otherwise authorized by the Director (or by

ATC in the case of operations in Class A or Class B
airspace), no person may operate an aircraft below
10,000 feet MSL at an indicated airspeed of more
than 250 knots (288 m.p.h/460 k.p.h).
(b) Unless otherwise authorized or required by ATC,
no person may operate an aircraft at or below
2,500 feet above the surface within 4 nautical
miles of the primary airport of a Class C or Class D
airport at an indicated airspeed of more than 200
knots (230 mph/460 kph).
 CASR 91.117.
AIRCRAFT SPEED

(c) No person may operate an aircraft in the airspace

underlying a Class B airspace area designated for
an airport or in a VFR corridor designated through
such a Class B airspace area, at an indicated
airspeed of more than 200 knots (230 mph).
(d) If the minimum safe airspeed for any particular
operation is greater than the maximum speed
prescribed in this section, the aircraft may be
operated at that minimum speed.
 CASR 91.119.
MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE: GENERAL
Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, no person may
operate an aircraft below the following altitudes:
–(a) Anywhere. An altitude allowing, if a power unit fails,
an emergency landing without undue hazard to persons or
property on the surface.
–(b) Over congested areas. Over any congested area of a
city, town, or settlement, or over any open air assembly of
persons, an altitude of 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle
within a horizontal radius of 600 meters of the aircraft.
(c) Over other than congested areas. An altitude of 500 feet
above the surface, except over open water or sparsely
populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft may not be
operated closer than 200 meters to any person, vessel, vehicle,
or structure.
 CASR 91.119.
MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE: GENERAL

Person or property
 CASR 91.119.
MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE: GENERAL

600 M

≥ 1000 M
 CASR 91.119.
MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE: GENERAL

≥ 500 FT

≥ 200 M
 CASR 91.121. ALTIMETER SETTING.
WEST 1350E EAST
1013.2 hPa
100 NML

100 NML
QNH

QNH ≤ 18 000 FT

≤ 11 000 FT
 91.121. ALTIMETER SETTING
TRANSITION LEVEL
( 1013.2 HpA )

20. 000 FT ( E )

13 000 FT ( W )

TRANSITION LAYER
18. 000 FT ( E )

11 000 FT ( W )

TRANSITION ALTITUDE
( QNH)
 CASR 91.125.
ATC LIGHT SIGNAL
 CASR 91.125
ATC LIGHT SIGNAL

1. Cleared to land.
2. Give away to other aircraft and
continue circling..
3. Return for landing.
4. Aerodrome unsafe do not land..
5. Land at this aerodrome proceed to apron..
 CASR 91.151.
FUEL REQ. FOR FLT IN VFR CONDITION

≥ 30 Minutes

Origin Destination
 CASR 91.155.
BASIC VFR WEATHER MINIMUM
 CASR 91.155.
BASIC VFR WEATHER MINIMUM

Clear of Cloud

8 KM  10 000 FT
5 KM  10 000 FT
 CASR 91.155.
BASIC VFR WEATHER MINIMUM

1000 FT 1500 M

8 KM  10 000 FT

5 KM  10 000 FT
1000 FT
 CASR 91.155.
BASIC VFR WEATHER MINIMUM

1000 FT 1500 M

8 KM  10 000 FT

5 KM  10 000 FT
1000 FT

1000 FT
Clear of Cloud

5 KM  10 000 FT
 CASR 91.155.
BASIC VFR WEATHER MINIMUM

3 St. M / 4.8 KM
 91.157 b. BASIC SPEIAL VFR WEATHER
MINIMUM
< 10 000 FT MSL

Instrument rated:
Clear of Cloud Pilot;
Airplane

Vis. ≥ 1 St. M

Subject to
ATC Clearance
91.157 c. BASIC SPEIAL VFR WEATHER
MINIMUM

≥ 1 St. M

Subject to
ATC Clearance
 CASR 91.159.
VFR CRUISING ALTITUDE / FLIGHT LEVEL
< FL 200 3590 0000

Even Thousand Odd Thousand

+ 500 FT

2700 0890
2690 0900

Even Thousand Odd Thousand

+ 500 FT

1800 1790
 CASR 91.159.
VFR CRUISING ALTITUDE / FLIGHT LEVEL
FL 200 – FL 290. 3590 0000

Even Thousand Odd Thousand

1800 1790
 CASR 91.167.
FUEL REQ. FOR IFR FLT.

≥ 45
Minutes

Origin Destination Alternate

91.175 IFR TAKE OFF MINIMA

1 or 2 Engine (s)

1 St.M / 1.6 KM

> 2 Engines

½ St.M / 800 M
 91.177. MINIMUM ALTITUDE FOR IFR.
Minimum
IFR
Altitude

YES Minimum Altitude

Applicable?
Applied
NO

Non-Mountainous
Mountainous ≥ 2000 FT
≥ 1000 FT
Dist. 4 NML
Dist. 4 NML

Stop
91.177 MINIMUM ALTITUDES FOR IFR
OPERATIONS

≥ 2000 FT

≥ 4 NM
91.177 MINIMUM ALTITUDES FOR IFR
OPERATIONS

≥ 1000 FT

≥ 4 NM
 91.179 a. IFR FLIGHT LEVEL
Controlled Airspace

Subject to
ATC Clearance
 91.179 b. IFR FLIGHT LEVEL
Below FL 200 3590 0000 Un-controlled Airspace

Event Thousand Odd Thousand

+ 500 FT
2700 0890

2690 0900
EventThousand Odd Thousand
+ 500 FT

1800 1790
 91.179 b. IFR FLIGHT LEVEL
FL 200 – FL 290 3590 0000 Un-controlled Airspace

Event Thousand Odd Thousand

1800
1790
 91.179 b. IFR FLIGHT LEVEL
Non-RVSM RVSM
Un-controlled Airspace
FL 370
359 0
000 0
> FL 290
FL 410 FL 360

FL 390 FL 350

FL 370 FL 340

FL 350 FL 330

FL 330 FL 320

FL 310 FL 310

FL 300
180 0
179 0

1800 -3590 0000 -1790

 NON-RVSM
AREA

1800-3590 0000-1790

FL 410

2000 FT

FL 390
2000 FT

FL 370

2000 FT
FL 350

2000 FT
FL 330

2000 FT
FL 310

2000 FT
FL 290
 1800-3590 FL420 0000-1790
FL410
1000 FT
FL400
1000 FT
FL390

1000 FT
FL380

1000 FT
FL370
1000 FT
FL360

1000 FT
FL350
1000 FT
FL340
1000 FT
FL330

1000 FT
FL320
1000 FT
FL310
1000 FT
FL300
1000 FT
FL290

FL280
 91.185.b.VFR RADIO COMMUNICATION
FAILURE
Radio
Comm.
Failure

VFR condition Continue flight

VFR

Land the nearest

Report
and suitable
ASAP
airport
 91.185. c. IFR RADIO COMMUNICATION
FAILURE
Radio
Commence descend
Comm.
EAT or FPL
Failure

Maintain assigned Complete IAP

Speed and level

IFR condition Land within

30 minutes
Code 7600

Follow flight-plan
CASR 121
 CASR 121. 3
30 SEATS OR PAYLOAD > 3.049 KG ( 7.500 LBS )
 121.4
DOMESTIC

CARGO

INTERNATIONAL
 CASR 121.25
AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE (AOC )
(a) State of Operator;
(b) Issuing authority;
(c) Number;
(d) Expiry date;
(e) Operator’s name;
(f) Trading name’s;
(g) Addressee and comm. line;
(h) Operational points of contact;
(i) Authorization (authority representative).

CASR 121.26.

Application 60 days prior to operates.

 CASR 121.26
AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE (AOC )
(a) State of Operator;
(b) Issuing authority;
(c) Number;
(d) Expiry date;
(e) Operator’s name;
(f) Trading name’s;
(g) Addressee and comm. line;
(h) Operational points of contact;
(i) Authorization (authority representative).

CASR 121.26.

Application 60 days prior to operates.

 CASR 121.27
ISSUANCE AOC
Investigation

Positive finding:
Financial;
Economic;
Legal

Properly and
adequate
equipped

Safe ops.
 CASR 121.26, 27d,e,f.
-Balance sheet;
-Liabilities;
-Litigation;
-Ops projection 6 months
-Ops cash 6 months; Application
-Cash 6 month;
-Insurance;
-Others. 6 months

Operate

6 months

-Financial report
-6 months and Validity
-Fiscal year. 2 years
 CASR 121.31,32a
RECENCY – SUSPENS/REVOKE.

AOC

3 x letters Dom. Flag Suppl. 3 x letters

1 month interv ≥ 30 days ≥ 30 days ≥ 90 days 1 month interv

Suspense Suspense
NO Ops. YES Ops. NO
≤ 3 months ≤ 3 months

NO Ops. YES Operate YES Ops.

Revoked NO
121.32b RENEWAL
Application

≤ 60 days

Expired
 121.59 MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL

• President Director;
• Safety Management System;
• Director of Operations;
• Director of Maintenance;
• Chief Pilot;
• Chief Inspector.
 CASR 121.61
MINIMUM QUALIFICATION
(Director of Operations :

(1) Contents of the air carrier’s company operations manual and

operations specifications;

(2) holds, or has held, ATPL (or CPL for CPL operations),
(3) ≥ 3 years experience as PIC;

(4) has had ≥ 3 years experience as Director of Operations.

 CASR 121.61
MINIMUM QUALIFICATION
(e) No person may serve as Chief Pilot unless that person;
(1) Current airline transport pilot licence with appropriate
ratings, or a CPL operations;

(2) ≥ 1000 hrs as PIC , within the preceding 5 years,

≥ 500 hrs and accumulated ≥ 3 years PIC; and

(3) Knows the contents of the air carrier’s manual.

121.63 SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SMS).

• 1 January 2009.
Hazard identification;
Remedial maintain safety level;
Continuous monitoring and assessment safety
level;
Improvement safety level.

MTOW > 27 000Kg data analysis.

 CASR 121.91, 95, 97, 99, 101,103, 105,107
APPROVAL OF ROUTE

• Route Width ;
• Airports: Required Data ;
• Communication Facilities;
• Weather Reporting Facilities;
• Enroute Navigational Facilities;
• Servicing and Maintenance Facilities;
• DispatchCenters, Flag and Domestic Air
Carriers
 CASR 121.99
COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
Dispatch Centre
 121.131. MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT.

Flight Deck Door. ( 30 November 2009 ).

• Locking means;
• Resist forcible intrusion ( 221 ft-lbs );
• Resists penetration small arm bullet.
121.159. SINGLE ENGINE AIRPLANES
PROHIBITED
121.161 AIRPLANE LIMITATIONS: TYPE OF
ROUTE

= 60 Minutes Unless ETOPS approval is granted.

 121.175 AEROPLANES TAKE-OFF
PERFORMANCE LIMITATIONS
Take off Weight (TOW):
(a) ≤ MTOW (elevation and temperature).;
(b) Fuel ≥ Trip fuel and alternate fuel, LDW ≤
MLW;
(c) TORR ≤ runway length ( temperature and
wind ).
121.177 TAKE-OFF OBSTACLE CLEARANCE
LIMITATIONS

≥ 35 FT
 121.179 ENROUTE LIMITATIONS (≥ 3E)
(a) General

90 Min
 121.179 ENROUTE LIMITATIONS

(b) One engine inoperative

(1)TOW reach 1500 FT and land;
(2)Net slope altitude ≥ 300 m (1000 ft) ≤ 9.3 km
(5 NM) on either side of the intended track;
(3)Cruising altitude by at least 600m (2000 ft),
within 9.3 km (5NM) on either side of the
intended track.
121.195 AIRPLANES: TURBINE ENGINE POWERED:
LANDING LIMITATIONS: DESTINATION AIRPORTS
Available Length

LDA =100 %

Actual Landing
Distance
AD

Landing Distance Required

at Destination - Dry
LDR Dry =A D x 100/60

Landing distance Required

at Destination - Wet
LDR Wet = LDR Dry x 115 %

Landing Distance Required

at Alternate.
LDR Dry/Wet =70 % LDA Alt.
Threshold
 121.291 DEMONSTRATION OF EMERGENCY
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
• Airplane with a seating capacity of > 44
passengers to be used in its passenger-
carrying operations allows the evacuation of
the full capacity, including crewmembers, in
≤90 seconds.
 121.308 LAVATORY FIRE PROTECTION

• Smoke detector system;

• Warning light or audio warning in the
passenger cabin;
• Built-in fire extinguisher for each disposal
 121.309 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

• Inspected regularly;
• Readily accessible;
• clearly identified and marked;
• Marked as to date of last inspection.
• Hand fire extinguishers:
Cargo compartments:
Galley compartments;
Flight crew compartment;
Passenger compartments
 121.309 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

PASSENGERS CAPACITY ≥ HAND FIREX

> 6 - 30 1
31 – 60 2
61 – 200 3
201 - 300 4
301 - 400 5
401 – 500 6
501 - 600 7
≥ 601 8
 121.309 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

PASSENGERS CAPACITY NUMBER OF MEGAPHONE

> 66 - 99 1
> 99 2
 121.327 SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN:
RECIPROCATING ENGINE POWERED AIRPLANES

CABIN ALTITUDE (FT) DURATION ( Min.)

> 10 000 – 12 000 30
> 12 000 Entire flight time
 121.327 SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN:
RECIPROCATING ENGINE POWERED AIRPLANES

CABIN ALTITUDE ( FT ) DURATION ( Min. ) AND % PAX

> 8 000 – 14 000 30 ( 10% )
> 14 000 – 15 000 30%
> 15 000 Entire flight ( 100% )
 121.329 SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN FOR
SUSTENANCE: TURBINE ENGINE POWERED
AIRPLANES

CABIN ALTITUDE (FT) DURATION ( Min.)

> 10 000 – 12 000 30
> 12 000 Entire flight time
 121.329 SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN FOR
SUSTENANCE: TURBINE ENGINE POWERED
AIRPLANES

CABIN ALTITUDE ( FT ) DURATION ( Min. ) AND % PAX

> 8 000 – 14 000 30 ( 10% )
> 14 000 – 15 000 30%
> 15 000 Entire flight ( 100% )
 121.344. DIGITAL FLIGHT DATA RECORDER

• After August 19, 2000;

• Orange or yellow;
• Record 88 item;
• The last 25 hours;
• Probability from damage to the recording
minimize;
• Receive electric power special bus;
• Aural or visual means for preflight check.
121.352. LOW LEVEL WINDSHEAR DETECTION

2 January 1991

Windshear
ahead
121.354 TRAFFIC COLLISION AVOIDANCE
SYSTEM
( TCAS ).
> November 30, 2009
121.357. AIRBORNE WEATHER RADAR
EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS.
IFR flight
or
Night VFR

Airborne Radar must be operative

121.358. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

October 1, 1995.
121.359. COCKPIT VOICE RECORDER

30 Minutes
121.360 GROUND PROXIMITY WARNING.

> November 30, 2009

 121.391 FLIGHT ATTENDANTS

SEATING CAPACITY NUMBER F A

> 9 - 50 1
> 50 - 100 2
> 100 2 + 1 ( 50 PAX ).
 121.400 TRAINING PROGRAM

TRAINING

Initial Transition Upgrade In flight Differences

Training Training Training Training Training
 121.429. RECURRENT TRAINING

TRAINING PERIOD
Flight crew qualification 6 months.
Emergency drill 24 months.
Crew Resource Management 12 months.
Wind shear 12 months.
Dangerous Goods 12 months.
 CASR 121.439
RECENT EXPERIENCE
Take off – ≥3 x
Landing – ≥ 3x
≥ 100 hrs F T.

Training
Approved Check Within
& NO YES
Airmen 90 days
Checking

1.≥ 1x TKOF N-1;

2. ≥ 1x ILS
3. ≥ 1xFull stop ldg

STOP

Flight Sim.
 CASR 121.471
FLIGHT TIME AND REST REQUIREMENT

Day Day Day Day Day Day Day

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

≥ 24 Hours Rest
( No any duty assignment )

Rest Time
 CASR 121.472
DUTY TIME LIMITATION
Flight Duty Time
The total elapsed period from the time a crewmember is required to report for duty,
to the time that crewmember has completed all official duties with respect to a flight
or series of flights and is released for an official crew rest.

Reporting Time

DUTY TIME
 CASR 121.472
DUTY TIME LIMITATION
Flight Duty Time
The total elapsed period from the time a crewmember is required to report for duty,
to the time that crewmember has completed all official duties with respect to a flight
or series of flights and is released for an official crew rest.

Reporting Time

DUTY TIME
 CASR 121.472
FLIGHT DUTY TIME LIMITATION

STD F.C. ENLARGE F.C

FACILITY
( Max.Hrs ) ( Max.Hrs )
F.C. + F.E. +1 >1
Seat during
16 -
TKOF / LDG
14 15 - 17

- 20
 CASR 121.472 d
SPLIT DUTY TIME
F.D.T. R.T. F.D.T. R.T.

⅓ ≥ 4 Hrs ½ or ≤ 3 Hrs Std + Extension F.D.T.

F.D.T. > 14 Hrs

S.D.T.
Prior notice
 CASR 121.481
FLIGHT TIME LIMITATION AND REST TIME
LIMITATION
• Flight Time :
The total elapsed time from the moment the aircraft first
moves under its own power for the purpose of take off, until
the time it comes to rest at the end of the flight.

Flight Time
FLIGHT RELIEF FACILITY SEAT
FRFS
FLIGHT RELIEF FACILITY SEAT
FRFS
FLIGHT RELIEV FACILITY BUNKER
FRFB
FLIGHT RELIEV FACILITY BUNKER
FRFB
 CASR 121.481
FLIGHT TIME LIMITATION AND REST TIME
LIMITATION

FLIGHT TIME
DURATION
( Max. Hrs )
24 Hrs 9
7 days 30
1 Month 110
1 Year 1050
 CASR 121.483
FLIGHT TIME LIMITATION AND REST TIME
LIMITATION
+

FLIGHT TIME
DURATION
( Max. Hrs )
24 Hrs 12
7 days 30
30 days 120
12 calendar year 1050
 CASR 121.485
FLIGHT TIME LIMITATION AND REST TIME
LIMITATION
+

FLIGHT TIME
DURATION
( Max. Hrs )
24 Hrs 12
30 days 120
90 days 350
12 Calendar Year 1050
 CASR 121.481
FLIGHT TIME LIMITATION AND REST TIME
LIMITATION
• Rest Period :
The period of time during which a crewmember is released form all official
duty or contact by the company. This period must exclude all time spent
commuting by the most direct route, between the company designated
rest facility and assigned duty station and, a specified period of prone rest
with at least one additional hour provided for physiological needs.

Rest Period / Time

 CASR 121.481, 483, 485
FLIGHT TIME LIMITATION AND REST TIME
LIMITATION

FLT. TIME REST TIME

FLT. CREW
( Max. Hrs ) ( Min. Hrs )
2 9 9
20 / 48 cons. days
2+1 18
24 / 72 cons. days
3 or More + 1 > 12 2 x Tot. F.T.
 CASR 121.495
DEADHEAD TRANSPORTATION

Deadhead crew = FDT

 CASR 121.619
ALTERNATE AIRPORT FOR DESTINATION
1 Hr < ETA > 1 HR

≥ 2000 FT

≥ 5 KM
 CASR 121.621
ALTERNATE AIRPORT FOR DESTINATION

≥ 2000 FT

≥ 5 KM
 CASR 121.639
TURBINE ENGINE

1500 FT

Origin Destination Alternate

45 Minutes
 CASR 121.645
TURBINE ENGINE

10%

1500 FT

Origin Destination Alternate

30 Minutes
 CASR 121.649
TAKE OFF / LANDING MINIMA VFR

≥ 1000 FT

≥ 1 KM
 CASR 121.637
TAKE OFF / LANDING MINIMA IFR

Subject to Opsec
Or
CASR 91
PART 135
 APPLICABILITY 135.3.a.

Passengers ≤ 30 or payload ≤ 3409 KG ( 7500 LBS )

 APPLICABILITY 135.3.b.

Aircraft towing

Welcome to DFST

Helicopter sling

Photography or survey

Dispersal product
Air ambulance
 135.21 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE OPERATION
OF SINGLE ENGINE AIRCRAFT

(a) Transportation
• = AOC and operations specifications ;
• VFR;
• Daylight ;
• > 10 passengers PIC and SIC.
 135.21 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE OPERATION
OF SINGLE ENGINE AIRCRAFT
(b) PIC 1 FC
(1) CPL or ATPL; • 3 axis autopilot;
(2) ≥ 1000 hrs SEA ; • Headset, boom mike and
(3) ≥ 20 hrs flt. sim. control wheel button;
• Control wheel approach
chart holder;
(c) VFR and IFR
• < FL 250;
(1) 135.21.a;
• IFR flight on type
(2) Turbined aircraft;
• ≥ 75 hrs Instrument ( ≥ 50 hrs
(3) IFR flight – 2 FC
actual flight);
• IFR ops – AOC.
CARRY OUT FIRE-ARM 135.99

Not loaded,
no ammunition
Unless
in cabin.
FLIGHT ATTENDANT 135.101

1 FA = 1 – 30 Pax

No FA ≤ 18 Pax
 135.181 RUNWAY REQUIREMENTS FOR
DESTINATION AND ALTERNATE AIRPORT

DRY

Turbine - jet
≤ 60% LDA

≤ 70% LDA Propeller-driven

135.183 LANDING DISTANCE ON WET
RUNWAYS
WET

≤ LDA dry x 115%

 FLIGHT TIME ( F T ).

Period Flt. Time ( Hrs )

7 days – MTOW > 1500 Lbs 35

7 days – MTOW > 12500 Lbs and

40
Helicopter

30 days 100

90 days 300

365 days 1050

 FLIGHT DUTY TIME ( FDT )

• Max. FDT 12 Hours – 24 Hrs or

• Max. FDT 10 Hours – 24 Hrs ( ⅓ darkness ).

• Max. FT 8 Hours – 24 Hrs. ( MTOW > 12500 Lbs )

• Max. FT 10 Hrs – 24 Hrs ( MTOW ≤ 12500 Lbs )

 FLIGHT DUTY AND TIME 135.497.b

Min. FC Add.FC Max. Duty and Flt Time ( Hrs )

Duty Time Flight Time

1 Nil 12 6
2 Nil 12 9
2 1 14 10
2 1 16 11
1 Nil 12 6(H)
2 Nil 12 7(H)
1/2 Nil 12 5 ( H ) sling
FLIGHT DUTY EXTENSION 135.497.

+ 1 FC = 14 Hrs.

+ 1 FC = 16 Hrs.
 CREW REST PERIOD 135.503

REST PERIOD

Transportation ≥ 8 Hours 1 Hours Transportation

VFR TAKE OFF LANDING MINIMA 135.615

≤ 1000 FT

≥ 3 St.M = 5 KM.
TAKE OFF AND LANDING MINIMA 135.645

Visibility 1 St. M ( 1.6 KM )

Visibility ½ St. M ( 800 M )

 CASR 135.637
FUEL REQ. FOR FLT IN VFR CONDITION

≥ 30 Minutes

Origin Destination
 CASR 135.639
FUEL REQ. FOR IFR FLT.

≥ 45
Minutes

Origin Destination Alternate

 CASR 135.639
FUEL REQ. FOR IFR FLT.

≥ 30
Minutes

Origin Destination Alternate