ZAKARIE ABDI BADE

PhD, Sociology (c)

AYBU, Ankara, Turkey

MSc, Development Studies

JKUAT, Nairobi, Kenya

PGD, M and E
JKUAT, Nairobi, Kenya

BBA, Project Planning and Management

Amoud University, Borama, Somaliland
RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS

1. Factors influencing khat consumption among

youth in Garowe, Puntland, Somalia:
http://www.ijcar.net/assets/01.pdf

2. Dynamics of Religion and Nationalism in Somalia:

Allies and Opponents
https://ijcar.net/previous-issues/vol-7-no-8-august-2020/

3. Hermeneutics and Sociology of religion: Concepts

and Methods
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346447175_Hermeneutics_and_Sociology
_of_Religion_Concepts_and_Methods
RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS

4. Self-determination and creation of Somaliland National Identity: An Analysis of

School Textbooks
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350324090_Selfdetermination_and_creation_of_
Somaliland_national_identity_An_Analysis_of_School_Textbooks

5. Understanding the Somali Conflict: Major Causes, Consequences and Strategies

for Peace-building
https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/DCS/article/view/55822

6. Understanding Environmental Issues in Somaliland: Sociological Analysis

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350324088_Understanding_Environmental_Issue
s_in_Somaliland_A_Sociological_Analysis

7.Community Transformation in Pre and Post Colonial Somalis

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357033160_COMMUNITY_TRANSFORMATI
ON_IN_PRE-AND_POSTCOLONIAL_SOMALIS
PROJECT PLANNING
SESSION ONE
ZAKARIE A. BADE, PhD ©
Meaning of project planning
• Project planning is the process of
defining project goals and objectives,
identifying the necessary resources,
and developing a plan to achieve these
goals within a specified timeline.
• Project planning is the process of
defining project goals, objectives, and
the methods required to achieve them.

Project Planning 6
It involves identifying the necessary resources,
establishing timelines, and setting expectations for quality
and performance.

Project planning is a discipline addressing how to

complete a project in a certain timeframe, usually with
defined stages and designated resources.

One view of project planning divides the activity into these

steps: setting measurable objectives, identifying
deliverables, scheduling.

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 WHY PROJECT
PLANNING?
• Project planning is the process of
defining project goals and objectives and
outlining the steps needed to achieve
them.
• Project planning helps to identify
potential problems before they occur and
develop strategies to mitigate risks.
• Project planning allows for the creation
of a realistic project schedule and
budget.
• Project planning helps to establish clear
communication channels between
stakeholders.
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 Project planning
Project planning helps
provides a framework Project planning is
to ensure that
for decision-making essential for ensuring
resources are allocated
throughout the project project success.
appropriately.
lifecycle.

Project planning Project planning Project planning helps

enables effective provides a roadmap to ensure that project
resource management. for project execution. requirements are met.

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Project Project planning helps to identify critical success factors.

Project planning helps to ensure that project deliverables meet customer

Project requirements.

Project Project planning enables effective resource allocation and management.

Project Project planning helps to establish clear project objectives.

Project Project planning enables effective stakeholder management.

Project Project planning helps to identify and manage project risks.

Project Project planning helps to ensure that project milestones are met.
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Objectives of project
planning
• Project planning has various objectives.
• These objectives depends on the
dimension we look at them
• These objective remains crucial and
paves the way for the project success
• The following are the objectives of the
project planning

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1. Define project scope
• This involves identifying the goals, deliverables, tasks, and
timelines of the project, as well as the resources required to
complete it.
• Defining project scope helps to ensure that everyone
involved in the project understands what is expected of
them, and that the project stays on track.

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2. Develop project schedule
• This involves creating a timeline for the
project that includes all of the tasks that need
to be completed, their dependencies, and their
estimated duration.
• Developing a project schedule helps to ensure
that the project is completed on time and
within budget.

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3.Determine project budget
• This involves estimating the costs associated with
completing the project, including the cost of labor,
materials, and other resources.
• Determining the project budget helps to ensure that the
project is financially feasible and that it can be completed
within the allocated budget.

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4. Identify project risks
• This involves identifying potential risks that could impact
the success of the project, such as delays, cost overruns, or
technical issues.
• Identifying project risks helps to ensure that potential
problems are identified early on and that strategies can be
put in place to mitigate them.

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5. Establish project team
• This involves identifying the people who will be involved in
the project, defining their roles and responsibilities, and
ensuring that they have the skills and resources they need to
complete their tasks.
• Establishing the project team helps to ensure that everyone
is working towards the same goal and that the project is
completed successfully.

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6. Define project deliverables
• This involves identifying the specific outputs that the
project will produce, such as reports, software, or physical
products.
• Defining project deliverables helps to ensure that everyone
involved in the project understands what is expected of
them and what they need to produce in order to achieve
project success

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TOOLS FOR
PROJECT
PLANNING
1. Work Breakdown Structure
(WBS)
2. Gantt Chart
3. Project Scope Statement
4. Resource Plan
5. Communication Plan
6. Change Management Plan
7. Quality Management Plan
8. Risk Management Plan
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1. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

It helps to identify all the

A WBS is a hierarchical necessary tasks required to
breakdown of the project into complete the project and
smaller, more manageable enables the project team to
components or work allocate resources and
packages. estimate time and cost more
accurately.

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20
2. Gantt Chart
• A Gantt chart is a visual representation of the
project schedule.
• It shows the start and end dates of all the tasks
in the project, as well as their dependencies
and durations.
• A Gantt chart is helpful in identifying critical
path activities and managing timelines.

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22
3. Project Scope Statement:
• The project scope statement outlines the goals, objectives,
deliverables, and boundaries of the project.
• It serves as a reference for the project team and
stakeholders to ensure that the project stays on track and is
completed successfully.

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24
4. Risk Management Plan:
• The risk management plan identifies potential
risks that could affect the project and outlines
strategies to mitigate those risks.
• This helps to minimize the negative impact of
any unforeseen events on the project.

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5. Resource Plan
• The resource plan identifies the resources required to
complete the project, including personnel, equipment,
materials, and budget.
• It also includes resource allocation schedules, which helps
to ensure that resources are available when needed.

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6. Communication Plan
• The communication plan outlines how project information
will be communicated to stakeholders, including team
members, management, and external stakeholders.
• It includes communication methods, frequency, and
responsibilities.

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29
7. Change Management Plan
• The change management plan outlines how changes to the
project scope, schedule, or budget will be managed.
• It includes processes for requesting, reviewing, approving,
and implementing changes.

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31
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CYCLE

INITIATION PLANNING EXECUTION CONTROL CLOSURE

1 2 3 4 5

Project charter Project scope Forecasts Activity Project analysis

statement tracking
Work breakdown Project status Goal tracking Project report
structure
Gantt chart Progress Budget tracking
tracking
Project Management Plan Output
Why Do Plans Fail?
• Overall, project plans can fail for various reasons, and it is
essential to identify potential risks and develop strategies to
mitigate them.
• Effective project management, stakeholder involvement,
communication, planning, change management, resource
allocation, risk management, and accountability are all
crucial factors that contribute to the success of a project
plan.
• Project plans can fail for various reasons, some of which
are:
 Poor project management

 A project plan may fail if it is not managed effectively.

 Project managers must have the right skills, knowledge, and
experience to oversee the project from start to finish.
 They must also be able to manage resources, timelines,
budgets, and risks effectively.

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 Lack of stakeholder involvement

 Stakeholders play a crucial role in the success of a project.

 If stakeholders are not involved in the project planning
process or are not consulted during execution, they may not
support the project. This can lead to delays, cost overruns,
and other problems.

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Unrealistic expectations
• If the project goals or objectives are unrealistic, it
can lead to failure.
• Project plans must be based on realistic
assumptions, including timelines, budgets, and
resource availability

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Poor communication
• Effective communication is crucial for the
success of any project.
• If team members or stakeholders do not
communicate effectively, it can lead to
misunderstandings, missed deadlines, and
other issues.

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Inadequate planning
• Project plans may fail if they lack sufficient
detail or do not consider all necessary factors.
• Poor planning can lead to missed deadlines,
cost overruns, and other problems.

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Changing requirements
• Project requirements may change during execution, and
effective change management processes are essential to
ensure that changes are properly evaluated, approved, and
implemented.
• Failure to manage changes effectively can lead to delays,
budget overruns, and other problems.

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Insufficient resources
• Projects may fail if they do not have the necessary
resources, including personnel, funding, or equipment.
• Resource constraints can lead to delays, cost overruns, and
other problems during project execution.

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Unforeseen risks:
• Project plans must take into account potential risks and
have strategies in place to mitigate them.
• However, unforeseen risks can still arise and cause
problems during project execution.
• Effective risk management processes are essential to
identifying and mitigating these risks.

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Lack of accountability:
• If team members are not held accountable for their actions
and the project as a whole, it can lead to a lack of focus,
poor decision-making, and other problems.
• Clear roles and responsibilities must be established, and
team members must be held accountable for their assigned
tasks.

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 Policies, procedures, and standards are
important components of project management
that help ensure consistency and quality

Policies, throughout the project.

Procedures Policies are high-level guidelines that provide

direction and guidance for decision-making.

and
Standards Procedures are detailed step-by-step
instructions for carrying out specific tasks or
activities.
in Projects
Standards are established criteria for quality,
performance, or behavior that are used to
measure success and ensure consistency.
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In projects, policies, procedures, and standards
are used to ensure that the project is completed on
time, within budget, and to the required quality
standards.

They help to establish a common understanding

among team members and stakeholders of what
is expected and how tasks should be carried out.

They also provide a framework for decision-

making and help to ensure that all team
members are working towards the same goals.

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Overall, policies, procedures, and
standards are essential for
ensuring the success of a project.
They provide a framework for
decision-making, ensure
consistency and quality, and help
to minimize risks and ensure that
the project is completed on time,
within budget, and to the required
standards.
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Project Logical Framework
• The project logical framework (also known as the logframe
or the logical framework matrix) is a tool used in project
management to help plan, implement, monitor, and evaluate
projects.
• It consists of a four-level hierarchy that provides a
structured approach to project design and management.

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• The first level of the logical framework is the project goal,
which is the long-term outcome that the project aims to
achieve.
• The second level is the project purpose, which is the specific
and measurable objective that the project aims to achieve.
• The third level is the project outputs, which are the
tangible products or services that the project will deliver.
• The fourth and final level is the project activities, which are
the tasks or actions that will be carried out to achieve the
project outputs.

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49 • The logical framework also includes a set of indicators, which are
specific and measurable criteria used to assess the achievement of
the project goal, purpose, outputs, and activities.
• In addition, it includes a set of assumptions, which are the external
factors that may impact the success of the project and the
achievement of its goals.
• Overall, the logical framework provides a systematic and
structured approach to project planning and management.
• It helps to ensure that all aspects of the project are aligned with the
overall goal and purpose, and provides a framework for monitoring
and evaluating progress and success.
 Stages Analysis

STAKEHOLDER PROBLEM OBJECTIVE STRATEGY

ANALYSIS ANALYSIS SETTING, AND DEVELOPMENT.

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Stakeholder analysis
• This stage involves identifying all stakeholders who may be
affected by the project or have an interest in its outcome.
• Stakeholders can include individuals, groups, organizations,
and communities.
• It is important to understand their needs, expectations, and
potential impact on the project

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Problem analysis
• This stage involves identifying and analyzing the problem
or issue that the project is designed to address.
• This can involve gathering information on the root causes,
effects, and scope of the problem.
• This information is used to develop a clear and concise
problem statement.

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Objective setting
• This stage involves setting specific, measurable, achievable,
relevant, and time-bound (SMART) objectives for the
project.
• Objectives should be linked to the problem statement and
should be focused on achieving the desired outcome of the
project.
• It is important to consider the feasibility and resources
required to achieve each objective.

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Strategy development
• This stage involves developing strategies
to achieve the objectives of the project.
• Strategies should be designed to address
the root causes of the problem and
should be feasible and resource-efficient.
• This stage may involve identifying and
prioritizing activities, developing a
timeline, and assigning responsibilities.

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THANK YOU COMMENTS QUESTIONS