Electroanalytical

Method
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 Electroanalytical Method
are a class of techniques in analytical chemistry
which study an analyte by measuring the
potential (volts) and/or current (amperes) in an
electrochemical cell containing the analyte.

 Potentiometry
 Amperometry
 Coulometry
 Voltametry
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 01 Potentiometry
- An electroanalytical method, used to
determine solution concentration by
potential measurement.
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 Potentiometry
Applications:

- Increased product stability, like pharmaceutical

products or food products.
- Analytical technique for quantitative analysis of
total water content.
- Stopping growth of microorganisms by determining
water level.
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 Advantages and
Potentiometry…
Disadvantages Potentiometry…

- High accuracy and precision - High cost of apparatus

- Selectivity for water
- Short analysis duration
- Easy sample preparation
- Small sample quantities required
- Suitability for analyzing solids,
liquids and gases.
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- Inference of compound reaction
with iodine
- Highly acidic or basic compounds
can nor be determined
- Large amount of sample is needed.
 02 Voltammetry
- A type of electroanalytical methods
which is used to measure the
produced current by the application of
a specific voltage on a working
electrode.
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 Voltammetry
Applications:

- Voltametric Sensors : a number of voltametric systems are produced

commercially for the determination of specific species that are of interest
in industry and research.

- The Oxyen electrode: the determination of dissolved oxygen in a variety

of aqueous environments, such as sea water, blood, effluents from
chemical plants and soil is of tremendous importance to industry,
biomedical and environmental research and clinical medicine.
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 Advantages and
Voltammetry…
Disadvantages
- Multi-component analysis –
provided half-wave potentials are
at least 100mV apart.
- A wide range of analytes –
metallic ions, non-metallic ions
and organic species.
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Voltammetry …
- Relatively slow – due to purging
time.
- Matrix interference – due to
complex formation, which can
make a species not analysable
because the half-wave potential is
outside the measurable range.
 03 Amperometry
Refers to the measurement of current
under a constant applied voltage and
under these conditions it is the
concentration of analyte which
determine the magnitude of current.
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 Amperometry
Applications:

- This method is widely used for the determination of

sulphate which could not be determined accurately
by Potentiometric method due to lack of suitable
indicator.
- Successive determination of chloride, bromine,
Iodide by using rotating microelectrode.
- They are used as micro detectors in liquid
chromatography.
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 Advantages and
Amperometry…
Disadvantages Amperometry…

- Rapid & simple apparatus - Considerable time is required to

- It is not necessary to have remove dissolved oxygen before
capillary characterize of the and during the titration.
dropping electrode. - Co precipitations can give
- The reaction carried out can be inaccurate results.
reversible or irreversible.
- Dilute solution can be analysed.
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 03 Coulometry
is an analytical method for measuring an unknown
concentration of an analyte in solution by completely
converting the analyte from one oxidation state to
another.
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 Coulometry
Applications:

- Controlled potential coulometric methods have

widespread use in the determination of several
metal ions.
- Most can perform analgrams with mercury, and
hence controlled potential coulometry with
mercury cathode is usually preferred.
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 Advantages and
Coulometry…
Disadvantages Coulometry…

- The use of volatile compounds - The volumetric method having a

does not affect 50ppm limit for the titration to
- Provides a specific detection of work.
water, and is an easy way to detect - Water should be easily found in
the presence of moisture in other order for it to come in contact with
liquids. the titration reagent.
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 Thank
you!
Remegio, Cyra Mae R.
Miraples, Jamaica Pauline M.

¡Graci
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as!