Occupational Health safety

Registration # 4230

Submitted by: Usama Fayyaz

B-TECH (Electrical)

Assignment # 4
Question Explain in detail about muscle Bones Joints :
 Muscles, bones, and joints are integral components of the musculoskeletal system, which provide support,
movement, and protection to the human body. Let's explore each of these components in detail:
 Muscles: Muscles are soft tissues that enable movement by contracting and relaxing. They are responsible for
various functions, including voluntary movement, maintaining posture, generating heat, and facilitating organ
function. Muscles are composed of muscle fibers that contract in response to electrical signals from the nervous
system. There are three main types of muscles: skeletal muscles (attached to bones and responsible for voluntary
movement), smooth muscles (found in organs and blood vessels), and cardiac muscles (specific to the heart)
 Bones: Bones form the structural framework of the body and provide support and protection for organs and
tissues. They are rigid, mineralized connective tissues made up of living cells called osteocytes. Bones are
classified into long bones (e.g., femur), short bones (e.g., wrist bones), flat bones (e.g., skull), and irregular
bones (e.g., vertebrae). They serve multiple functions, including supporting the body, facilitating movement,
protecting vital organs, producing blood cells in the bone marrow, and storing minerals such as calcium and
phosphorus.
 Joints: Joints are the points where two or more bones meet. They allow for movement and provide stability to
the skeletal system. Joints can be classified into three main types: fibrous joints (immovable, like the skull
sutures), cartilaginous joints (slightly movable, like the spinal discs), and synovial joints (freely movable, like
the knee or shoulder). Synovial joints, the most common type, are characterized by a joint cavity filled with
synovial fluid, articular cartilage covering the bone ends, and various supporting structures such as
 Ligaments connect bones to bones, providing stability and limiting excessive
movement, while tendons connect muscles to bones, transmitting forces from
muscles to bones during movement.

 Together, muscles, bones, and joints work in coordination to facilitate

movement. Muscles exert force on bones through tendons, allowing for the
generation of different types of movements, from fine motor skills to
powerful athletic performances. Joints act as pivot points, enabling smooth
and controlled movement by reducing friction and providing a range of
motion. The musculoskeletal system is highly interconnected and plays a
crucial role in enabling human mobility and supporting overall
bodily function.