WATER ION TREATMENTSYSTEM-IOREX:

THE BEST WATER PURIFIER

Dr. HUSSAIN ULLAH (Ph.D Chemistry)

Integrated Solution
Email: chem_hussain@yahoo.com
 INTRODUCTION TO WATER QUALITY POLUTTION

Water quality refers to the chemical, physical or biological characteristics of water. It is

a measure of the condition of water relative to its’ impact on living organism. Water is
an essential key in our lives, and the quality of water we drink reflects our health.
Billions of people worldwide are drinking unsafe water. In modern times, however, we
are living in an environment that cannot exist without filtering water.

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Chemicals used in agriculture, industry, transportation, and homes can spill and leak
into groundwater and make it undrinkable. Polluted water causes illness and death in
humans and other species and disrupts ecosystems. Water pollution is one of the major
threats to public health in Pakistan. Pakistan ranks at number 80 among 122 nations
regarding drinking water quality. The quality of water depends upon the absence or
presence of contaminants.

Industrial wastes Water Supply Schemes for

( Karachi) Karachi

Drainage of waste water

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Drinking water sources, both surface and groundwater are contaminated with
coliforms, toxic metals, pesticides etc throughout the country. Water
pollution/contamination is any chemical, biological, or physical change in water quality
that has harmful effect on living organism or makes water unsuitable for desired uses.
It has been suggested that it is one of the leading worldwide cause of deaths and
disease, and that it accounts for the death of more than 14,000 people daily.

Water pipe
& sewerages
Purifier

IOREX ?

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 SOURCES OF POLUUTION/CONTAMINATION
 Organic acids
 Minerals such as manganese, iron.
 industrial wastes
 Algae and weeds

Parameters
Physical
Color &

Taste
Sources Chemical Sources
Common Parameters
 Sulphates , chlorides &
Organic moieties Water Salts conc.
 Pesticides( DDT) etc, bicarbonates (Na, K, Ca, Mg)
(TDS) Quality (TDS)
 Industrial wastes Soluble organic
(PCBs) etc. Problems moieties
Chemical
Parameters
Bacteriological

Sources Sources
Present in feces and exist
Sub group of Fecal Escherichia Total Faecal
in the intestine of warm
coliform coli Coliform
Coliforms blooded animals.
 Feces from infected humans
or animals
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 IMPLICATIONS OF WATER BORNE DISEASES/PATHOGENS

Waterborne diseases are those diseases caused by water containing pathogenic micro-
organisms that are transmitted through water. Disease can be spread while drinking
infected/contaminated drinking water.
Vibrio cholera:
Bacteria Virus Polio Virus:
cholera WATER Paralytic Poliomyelitis
 Yersiniaenterocolitica: BORNE  Rotaviruses:
Gastroenteritis DISEASES Gastroenteritis
 Escherichia coli:  Norwalk Viruses:
Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis
 Shigella sp:  Hepatitis Type A and E -
Gastroenteritis liver inflammation
 Listeriamonocytogenes: Protozoa
flu-like symptoms
 Salmonella sp.:
Gastroenteritis, typhoid
 Campylobacter jejuni:
Gastroenteritis Entamoeba histolytica- amoebic dysentery
(animals sources)
Giardia lamblia - intestinal disease
Cryptosporidium - intestinal disease

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 Dracunculiasis Polio
(guinea worm disease)

Syphilis rash

Dracunculiasis
Ba
ct s
er ru
ia Vi
Hepatitis

Bacteria Exposure to Virus

microbes

ac l a
ri a
Vi
i B el
te
ru
ph on
s
t y al m

Human hands contaminated

Fungus
S

with colonies of bacteria

Blue/pink patches)

Typhoid and Cholera

Meningitis
Ringworm (tinea)

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 EFFECTS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Water has a unique place on planet as it supports life on earth. There are some parameters which
reflect the quality of water and also effect human health when present in excess/or deficient in
drinking water. These parameters are of physical as well as Chemical nature.
Excess: Excess:
Bitter taste, damage soil and reduces crop Diarrhea, cathartic, laxative, corrosive
yields, precipitate can foul pipes , hardness Excess: especially when combined with magnesium
of the water , Alkalinity, Undesirable tastes and sodium.
corrosion of pipes

Chlorides
Bi

tes
ca
Excess:

ha
Excess:
rb

lp
on
Hypertension, bitter taste , cathartic and diuretic effects,

Su
at e
kidney and cardiac problems Urolithiasis.
s

(Na), bladder infection, K, Na Ca, Mg Deficiency:

ovarian cysts and weekend Nervousness, Insomnia, cramps
immune system , hyperkalema
Diseases in the toes, feet, legs, or fingers.
He
av
t ra &

(K). yM
Ni trite

eta
te

Moieties ls
Ni

Organic
pH

Excess:
Excess: Dermal lesions, skin cancer, hyperkeratosis
Methemoglobinemia or blue-baby hyper- and hypopigmentation,, (As), Rusting ,
syndrome, bittersweet astringent taste (Fe), Wilson
pH: disease (Cu), a metabolic poison (Pb),
Effect the solubility of Fe. damage the kidneys , destruction of testicular
Organic Moieties tissues and destruction of red blood cells (Cd)
Hypertrophy (DDT), cancers of the
digestive tract, liver and skin (PCBS)
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 Copper

NO2- , NO32-

Blue baby Syndrome Wilson disease

Exposures to
Anemia, severe Muscle pain Pollutants

Arsenicosis
Fluoride

Fluorosis

Cadmium Arsenic

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 DRINKING WATER PROBLEMS IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) has successfully launched

a detail water quality profile of Rural areas in Pakistan under the National Water
Quality Monitoring Program (NWQMP: 2002-06).
Out of the 14000 samples collected from the entire country only 18% sources were
declared safe for drinking purposes whereas 82% water samples were beyond the
Pakistan Standard and Water Quality Authority (PSQCA) which led us to the
conclusion that the Federal, Provincial and Local Governments need to take
precautionary measures for the provision of safe drinking water to the natives of rural
communities in order to prevent water born diseases. Advocacy efforts for the
awareness and education of the villagers regarding the water quality testing and
treatment are required.

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 PERCENTAGE CONTAMINATION LEVEL OF DIFFERENT
REGIONS IN PAKISTAN

Parameters Punjab Federal Capital Islamabad Khyber Pukhtunkhwa

Sindh Balochistan

Fe 3-81 --------- 27 57
Cl- 16-49 --------- --- 23-61
S042- 7-40 10-32
NO31- 3-19 33 13-22 5-84
NO21-
HCO31-
TDS 2-71 11 6 35-56 10-14
Turbidity 5-55 9-17 8-35 24-30
EC
Total Hardeness
Fecal coliform 83 90-93
E.coli 90
Bactarial 45-78 40 74-97 16-76 89-100
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 WATER CONTAMINENTS THROUGHT THW WORLD

All major water treatment plants are using one or more processes or technology
developed through WRC funding (water Research Commission).
One in every six human beings has no access to clean water within a kilometer of their
homes.
According to the United Nations, every day 4,500 children under the age of 5 die
around the world, having fallen sick because of unclean water and sanitation
How can we help?
Purchasing or sponsoring filters, each filter kit cost approx. $60 U.S. dollars and
supports an entire family. If properly maintained these filters can last a lifetime

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