APPRAISING THE UNITY OF PLOT,

SETTING AND CHARACTERIZATION

THROUGH COMPARISON AND
CONTRAST OF VARIOUS SOURCES
 To achieve their intended purpose, writers resort to:
• Disclosing events or narrating details using
narrative writing
• Describing people, objects or occurrences using
their senses by writing descriptive texts;
• Assuring and convincing readers to believe in their
own standpoints and making immediate action
through persuasive writing
• Educating and updating readers via expository
writing.
3 GENERAL PURPOSES
THAT A WRITER IS
GUIDED BY:
 TO INFORM
• The author intends to provide factual information
for his/her readers, especially • if there is a need
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to
educate the audience about real-life concerns
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• Newspapers, textbooks, and encyclopedias are just
some materials used if the authors wish to inform the
public.
 TO PERSUADE
• The author’s objective is to convince and
influence his/her readers to find merit in his/her
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validity of his/her
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chosen course of action. • Eiusmod tempor incididunt ut
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• Advertisements, political speeches, and essays
are examples of materials leaning toward
persuasive content.
 TO ENTERTAIN
• The author’s objective is to amuse and
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creating a light,
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humorous, dramatic, action-filled,

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or
dynamic story that seizes the attention and
sensibilities of his/her readers.
 In writing fiction, once the author’s
purpose is identified, he/she can develop
and unify key elements of a story, such as
its plot, setting and characters.
ELEMENTS OF THE
STORY
 1. PLOT
• It is the chronological order of events in
a story. An effective plot is properly
structure and is composed of 5
important elements.
a. EXPOSITION
• This refers to the introduction or
beginning of a story – a glimpse
of the characters, the setting, and
the probable conflict. This part
sets the tone and the mood of
what the readers/viewers need to
expect.
b. RISING ACTION
• This part reveals the
immediate conflict in the story.
This also sets the story in
motion, and tensions between
the characters become
obvious.
c. CLIMAX
• This is the turning point
wherein the characters have a
very difficult decision to make,
which will determine the
ensuing events in the story.
d. FALLING ACTION
• Here, tensions begin to
disappear, and you see how the
decisions of the character/s
affect the story.
e.RESOLUTION/DENOUEMENT
• In traditional, realistic stories,
usually the conflict appears to
be resolved , and there is a
sense of a new beginning for
the characters. At this point, all
the questions are answered,
and all feelings of doubt are
addressed.
PLOT
PLOT
 2. SETTING
• Is a backdrop or environment in which
the story is set. These are some questions
to help you identify the setting of the
story.
• A setting may also be either real or
imaginary (fantasy-based)
 SETTING
• What is the time frame?
• Where is it specifically located?
• Does the period in which the story is set
possess any historical and cultural
relevance?
3. CHARACTER
• Is a person, figure, inanimate object, or
animal that drives the story forward. It
can be classified through the following:
a. PROTAGONIST
• The main character of the
story. The story revolves
around him/her.
b. ANTAGONIST
• The villain, enemy, or the
evildoer in the story. His/her
primary function is to stop the
protagonist from achieving
his/her goal.
c. DYNAMIC CHARACTER
• A character who develops,
changes, evolves over time.
d. STATIC CHARACTER
• A character who does not
experience change in the
course of the story.
e. ROUND CHARACTER
• A character who is complex
and a risk-taker who thinks of
and employs unconventional
methods to resolve issues.
More of-ten than not, he/she is
complicated.
f. FLAT CHARACTER
• A character who possess a
singular trait or personality.
His/her personality verges on
the traditional and typical,
thus, his/her actions come out
rather predictable.
g. STOCK CHARACTER
• A character who is stereotyped
into playing a part expected of
him/her.
h. FOIL
• An individual who plays a
contrasting character to the
protagonist; usually a
character playing a supporting
role, or sometimes the
antagonist.