CONCEPTUA

L
FRAMEWOR
K
 CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK

 A conceptual framework elaborates the research problem in

relation to relevant literature.

 This section may summarize the major (dependent and

independent) variables in your research.

 The framework may be summarized in a schematic diagram

that presents the major variables and their hypothesized
relationships.

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 It should also cover the
following:
 Existing research and its relevance for your
topic
 Key ideas or constructs in your approach
 Identify and discuss the variables related to
the problem
 Conceptualized relationships between
variables
 Independent variables (presumed cause)
 Dependent variables (presumed effect)
 Intervening variables (other variables that
influence the effect of the independent
variable)
 How to make a
“ conceptual framework

➜ Choose you topic.

➜ Do a literature review.
➜ Isolate the important
variables.
➜ Generate the conceptual
framework.
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Example:

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Example:

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HYPOTHESI
S
DEFINITION:
 It is a tentative conclusion or answer to a specific
question raised at the beginning of the investigation.

 It is an educated guess about the answer to a specific

question.

 It is a statement about some real-world phenomenon

that can be tested through observations.

 It is a proposition that suggests that change in one

variable will result in some change in another.

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Forms of hypothesis
 Operational
. Form / Alternative Hypothesis
Stated in the affirmative
States that there is a difference between two phenomena

 Null Form / Null Hypothesis

Stated in the negative
States that there is no difference between two phenomena
More commonly used

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Guidelines in the formulation
of hypotheses:
 In experimental, correlation, or comparative
investigations, hypotheses have to explicitly
expressed.

 In descriptive and historical investigations,

hypotheses are seldom expressed if not entirely
absent. The specific questions serves as the
hypotheses.

 Hypotheses are usually stated in the null form.

 Hypotheses are formulated from the specific

questions upon which they are based.
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Characteristics of a good
hypothesis:
 Theoretically grounded – based upon
literature related to the topic

 Specifies the relationship between the

values of the two or more variables

 Makes a testable comparison using empirical

data

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EXAMPLE:
Question: Is there any significant
difference between the perceptions of
the teachers and those of the students
concerning the different aspects in the
teaching of science?

Operational Hypothesis: There is a

significant difference between the
perceptions of the teachers and those of
the students concerning the different
aspects in the teaching of science.

Null Hypothesis: There is no

significant difference between the
perceptions of the teachers and those of
the students concerning the different
aspects in the teaching of science.
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DEFINITION
OF TERMS
DEFINITION
 It. is usually an annex to a work (book, research paper,
pamphlet,etc.) either at the beginning or more likely near
the end with a list of acronyms, jargon, credits, etc.

 This is an important part of Research paper or report is

that in which the key or important terms in the study are
clearly defined.

 It must be arranged in alphabetically.

 It must be also stated if you used your definition of terms

in technically or operationally.

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TYPES OF
DEFINITIO
N OF
TERMS
 It is also known as constitutive
definition.

 It is the definition given in

dictionaries.

 It is the academic or universal

meaning attributed to a word or Conceptual
group of words.
Definition
 It is mostly abstract and formal
in nature.

 It is the definition used in the

previous studies or by an earlier
author.

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 It is also known as
functional definition.

 It refers to how the

words will be used in Operational
the study.
Definition
 Emphasis must be
placed on the
operational definition.

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QUESTION
?
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THANK YOU! KEEP SAFE
EVERYONE!

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