EARTH AND LIFE

SCIENCE
QUARTER 1- MODULE 2

Earth Materials and

Processes
PREPARED BY:

MS. KIMBERLY JOY C. ASTORGA

SUBJECT TEACHER
EXOGENIC PROCESSES
ACTIVITY
ROCKS

IGNEOUS

SEDIMENTARY

VOLCANO

CLASTIC
MODULE 2: EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES

Lesson 5- Exogenic Processes

After going through this module, you are expected to:
a. describe how rocks undergo weathering;
b. identify the agents of erosion; and
c. explain how the products of weathering are carried away by erosion and
deposited elsewhere.
 EXOGENIC PROCESSES
 Break down rocks
 erode rock materials
 Transport them from high energy
locations to low energy locations
Weathering
breakdown of rock materials at and near Earth’s
surface

Other Exogenic Processes

Erosion
Transportation
Deposition
Often occurs with assistance from geomorphic
agent (water, ice, wind, and waves)
 EROSION VS. WEATHERING

 NOTE: When the smaller rock pieces (now pebbles, sand or soil) are moved by natural forces, it is called erosion. So, if a
rock is changed or broken but stays where it is, it is called weathering. If the pieces of weathered rock are moved away, it
is called erosion.
TYPES OF WEATHERING
TYPES OF WEATHERING

 Physical Weathering
- Disintegrates rocks breaking smaller
fragments from a large block or outcrop of
rock
 Chemical Weathering
- Decomposes rock through chemical
reactions that remove ions from the
original rock
Physical Weathering
1. Unloading
2. Thermal expansion and
Contraction
3. Freeze-thaw
4. Salt crystal growth
5. Hydration
 Chemical Weathering
Ions from a rock are released
into water or combine with
other substances to form new
materials (clay minerals)
Most important catalysts and
reactive agents:
 Water
 Oxygen
 Carbon dioxide
TYPES OF CHEMICAL WEATHERING

1. OXIDATION
- Chemical union of oxygen atoms with another substance to create a new
product
2. CARBONATION
- Carbon dioxide and water molecules reacting with, and decomposing
rocks
- Most effective on carbonate rocks (limestone)
3. HYDROLYSIS
- Water alone reacts with rocks
 WEATHERING AND LANDSCAPE
 Weathering and mass wasting typically determined by the properties of the rocks and the
local climate factors
 Slow weathering of resistant rocks leaves steeps slopes
 Rapid weathering of weak rocks produces gentle slopes
 Weathering proceeds rapidly in warm, humid climates
 Rocks in arid and cold climates weather slower
END.