Past simple vs

Present perfect simple

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Past simple
Examples:
“Yesterday I went to the cinema with my friend.”
“Mary visited her best friend last night.”

It is used:
 for finished actions
in the past;
 with past time
expressions, such as
yesterday, last…,
ago, dates, etc,…
Affirmative
There are two ways of forming the Past simple:
1. Regular verbs + ed
Note:
If the verb ends in -y after a consonant, we must add -ied
If the verb has one or two syllables and ends in a consonant preceded by only one
vowel, we must double the consonant and add -ed
If the verb ends in -l or -r (stressed syllable), we must double the consonant and add
-ed.

2. Irregular verbs should be known by heart

Negative
It is formed with the auxiliary verb “to do” in the past simple in the
negative form and the main verb in the infinitive.
Examples:
“I didn’t do my assignment about friendship yesterday.”
“They didn’t eat out last night”.

Note: This rule is applied for both regular and irregular verbs.
Exception: verb “to be”
I / he / she / it wasn’t
you / we / they weren’t
Interrogative
It is formed with the auxiliary verb “to do” in the past simple before the
subject and the main verb in the infinitive.
Examples:
“Did you do your assignment about friendship yesterday?”
“Where did they eat last night?”

Note: This rule is applied for both regular and irregular verbs.
Exception: verb “to be”
Was I / he / she / it … ?
Were you / we / they … ?
Fill in the gaps with the past simple:
went
1. Last night I _______________ (go) out.
wasn’t (not be) at home.
2. Yesterday Mary ____________
travelled
3. We ________________ (travel) to Ireland in 2018.
did you have
4. When ____________________ (you / have) your English test?
broke
5. Tom _____________ (break) his arm a year ago.
didn’t meet (not meet) their friends yesterday.
6. They _________________
Did he start (he / start) dating Sarah last week?
7. _________________
missed (miss) the school bus, so I ____________
8. Last week I ____________ was (be) late for
school.
Present perfect simple
Examples:
“John and I have been friends for five years.”
“She has never seen such a nice friendship.”

It is used:
 for actions that started in the past and continue up to the present
 for recent events
 for experiences up to the present
 for actions that haven’t happened, but may happen in the future
 for an action or event that happened sooner than expected
 with the words: just, already, ever, never, yet, since and for
Affirmative
The Present perfect simple is formed with the auxiliary verb “to
have” in the present simple and the main verb in the past participle.

I / you / we / they have

+ past participle
he / she / it has

Examples:
“Mark has just finished his relationship with Sarah.”
Negative
It is formed with the auxiliary verb “to have” in the present simple in
the negative form and the main verb in the past participle.

I / you / we / they haven’t

+ past participle
he / she / it hasn’t

Examples:
“I haven’t finished my assignment about
adolescence yet.”
Interrogative
It is formed with the auxiliary verb “to have” in the present simple
before the subject and the main verb in the past participle.

Have I / you / we / they …?

+ past participle
Has he / she / it …?

Examples:
“Have you ever had a bestie?”
Fill in the gaps with the present perfect simple:
have already cancelled (already / cancel) the trip.
1. They _____________________________
Have you ever played (you / ever / play) baseball with your friends?
2. ___________________________

hasn’t decided (not decide) what to do yet.

3. Andy ____________________

have dated
4. I ____________________ (date) James since 9th grade.

has never met (never / meet) Sarah.

5. Mary _____________________

have been (be) friends for three years.

6. They _________________
have gone (go) to the U.S.A. in a school trip. They
7. John and James _______________
haven’t arrived (not arrive) yet.
____________________
Past simple or Present perfect simple?
1. I watched / have watched a film last night.

2. They already travelled / have already travelled to Spain.

3. Yesterday I did / have done my homework.

4. Mary didn’t arrive / hasn’t arrived yet.

5. I bought / have bought my friend a present a week ago.

6. Did you ever try / Have you ever tried my sister’s pancakes?

7. Tim sold / has sold his bike last month.

8. My best friend just arrived / has just arrived from Hawaii.