DESIGN ELEMENTS AND

PRINCIPLES
FUNDAMENTALS OF DESIGN 1
SEMESTER 1 -SPRING
NEED FOR DESIGN
WHAT DOES DESIGN MEAN?
• To Plan or make for a purpose or objective
• The arrangement of elements or details in a product
or work of art
• Synonyms: Compose, Arrange, Make, Create,
Arrange, Settle ,Organize
IMPORTANCE OF DESIGN
• Helps to Achieve Beauty/Aesthetics
• Makes thing presentable and visually pleasing
• Balancing the amount of elements used in any art
piece
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
• To make something we need some ingredients, Similarly Elements of
Design are the main ingredients to create design.
• In Architecture these elements are used to create a space.
PRIMARY ELEMENTS BASIC ELEMENTS OTHER ELEMENTS
• Point • Shape • Color
• Line • Basic Solids • Value
(Straight,Angle,Curve) • Form • Texture
• Plane
• Volume
PRIMARY ELEMENTS
POINT /DOT
Indicates a position in
space.
The unit that create
other elements
• LINE
Connection of two dots
or can be known as
extended point.
LINES ORGANIZING METHODS
LINES IN NATURE
 NATURE INSPIRED COMPOSITIONS
• TILE PATTERN
• MIRROR
• REPETITITION BY
CHANGING SIZE
• ORGANIC
• CENTRALIZED
• REPETITION IN
CIRCLES(RADIAL)
• OFF CENTER
(POINT IS IN THE
CORNER OF SPACE)
LINE PAINTINGS

STARRY NIGHT –VAN GOH BOOGIE WOOGIE-PIET

MONDRIAN
LINES IN ARCHITECTURE
• While designing
the main lines
combine to make
linear elements of
structure. Linear
elements are the
horizontal and
vertical members
of structure
LINE SCULPTURES
• Forms created with
repetition of lines
• Repetition of line with
variation in Height
• Kirigami is most used
method to create line
sculptures with paper
• In Kirigami the paper is
cut in to line and then
folded in various ways
PLANES
• Planes are the formation of lines.
VOLUME
• Composition of planes that define the boundaries and forms mass.
BASIC ELEMENTS
SHAPE
• It is a primary identifying characteristic of plane
• Defining a boundary of Surface to differentiate between
figure and ground.
SOLIDS
• EXTRUSION OF PLANES CREATE
SOLID . Solids are three
dimensional volumes which
include edges,vertices and faces
SOLIDS
• CUBE
• CUBOID
• SPHERE
• PYRAMID
• CYLINDER
FORM
• Mass of Planar Elements or Solid
Volumes
• External Appearance of a masses
which are created by
combination of shapes/volumes.
• External and internal shape that
provides a sense of 3
dimensional approach.
• Forms can be created by by
aligning ,Overlapping or
intersecting at different positions
• Solid can be developed to a
form by addition,subtraction or
creating voids.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
• HARMONY
• BALANCE (SYMMETERY
ASYMMETERY)
• RHYTHM
• CONTRAST
• GRADATION
• MOVEMENT
• EMPHASIS
• VARIETY
• HEIRARCHY
DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN POINT
HARMONY - LINES
HARMONY - SHAPES
HARMONY-COLOR/VALUE
HARMONY IN NATURE
 REPITITION AND RYTHM
GRADUAL INCREASE / DECREASE IN :

• SIZE
• LINE VALUE
• DISTANCE
• THICKNESS/THINNESS
• SHAPE/LINE DEFORMATION
 MOVEMENT -LINES
• DIRECTION
• FLOW
• CONTINUITY