Syllogism

-Statements Conclusions

By- Prof. Ruturaj

Statements Conclusions
 Venn Diagram Basic
• Some A are B

• All A are B

• No A is B
 Conclusion consists of
• Some
• All

• Draw only basic Diagram

 Hypothetical logical Pictorial
relations representation

Statement: Table
1) All Sofa are Chairs.
2) All Chairs are Tables. Chair

Conclusion:
Sofa
1) All Tables are Sofa .
2) All Sofa are Tables
3) Some tables are sofa.
Some chairs are sofa.
 Chalks
Statements: 1
(1) All pens are chalks. Pen

(2) Some chalks are mobiles.

Mobiles
(3) Some mobiles are chargers.

2 Chalks Charger
Chalks
3
Pen
Pen

Mobiles Mobiles

Charger
Charger
 Lets Warm-up
Statements:
1. Some trees are papers.
2. All papers are inks.
3. Some ink are blue
Conclusions:
I. Some inks are trees.
II. Some papers are trees.
III.Some blue are paper.
IV. Some blue are ink.
(a) Only I follows
(b) Only I and II follows
(c) All follows
(d) Only I, II and IV follows
Statements:
Lets Warm-up

(A) Some cars are Trucks.

(B) Some Trucks are Cycles.
(C) All Cycles are Tractors.
(D) All Tractors are Bikes.
(E) Some Bikes are White.
Conclusions:
(I) Some Cycles are White.
(II) Some Bikes are Truck.
(III)Some Cycles are Cars.
(IV)Some White are Cycles.
(V) Some Bikes are Cycles.
(VI)All Cycles are Bikes.
Statements: Lets Warm-up

(A) All registers are books.

(B) All books are written materials.
(C) All written materials are novels.

Conclusions:
I. All books are novels.
II. All written materials are registers
III. All registers are novels.
IV. All novels are books.

(a) Only I and II follow

(b) Only II and III follow
(c) Only I and III follow
 Lets Warm-up
Statements:
(A) Some young are boys.
(B) All boys are actors.
(C) Some actors are cars.

Conclusions:
I. Some actors are young.
II. Some cars are young.
III. Some cars are boys.
IV. Some boys are young.

(a) None follows

(b) Only IV follows
(c) Only I follows
(d) Both I and IV follow
 Lets Warm-up
Statements:
(A)Some sun are moon
(B) All moon are star
(C) No star are morning
(D)Some morning are night

Conclusions:
(I) Some star are sun.
(II)Some night are sun.
(III)Some morning are moon.
(IV)All star are moon.
 Lets Warm-up
Statements:
All principles are men
Some women are principles
All human are women
Conclusions:
i. All humans are men
ii. Some humans are principles
iii. Some men are principles
iv. All women are men
(a) Only i follows
(b) Only ii follows
(c) Only i and iii follows
(d) Only iii follows
Statements: Lets Warm-up

Some cats are animals

Some animals are mammals
Some mammals are earthlings
Conclusions:
i. Some earthlings are cats
ii. Some mammals are cats
iii. Some earthlings are animals
iv. Some cats are earthlings
(a) None follows
(b) Only i and ii follows
(c) Only i and iv follows
(d) Only ii and iv follows
 Conclusion consists of
• No

• Draw Basic Diagram

• Should follow 100%, check possibility if any

 Lets Warm-up

Statements:
1. Some papers are pens.
2. All pens are scales.
3. No scale is markers.
Conclusions:
I. No marker is paper.
II. No marker is pen.
Statements: Lets Warm-up
(1) All Punekar are Maharashtrians.
(2) All Maharashtrians are Indians.
(3) No Maharashtrians are Chinese.
(4) Some Chinese are Russians.
(5) All Russians are German.
(6) All Karnataka are Indians
Conclusions:
(I) Some Germans are Chinese.
(II) All Chinese are German.
(III)Some Chinese are Indians.
(IV) Some Chinese are Indians is a possibility.
(V) No German are Indians.
(VI) No Punekars are Chinese.
(VII) No Chinese are Indians.
(VIII) No Karnataka is Chinese.
(IX) Some Russians are definitely not Maharashtrians
 Lets Warm-up
Statements:
1. Some tree are paper.
2. Some paper are pen.
3. All pen are car.
4. All car are truck.
5. No truck is cycle.

Conclusions:
I. No cycle is tree.
II. No cycle is paper.
III.No cycle is car.
IV. No cycle is pen.
Statements: Lets Warm-up
All pencils are pens
No pens are markers
All markers are drawing

Conclusions:
i. No pencil is a marker
ii. No Pencil is a drawing
iii. Some Drawings are pens
iv. Some markers are pencils

(a) Only i follows

(b) Only i and ii follows
(c) Only ii and iii follows
(d) Only iii and iv follows
(e) None of these
Relation between Statement & Conclusion

Type of Universal Particular Type of

Statement Conclusion
Positive All Some + ve

Negative No Some not - ve

 If both statements are
+ve then conclusions will
also be +ve

Statement:
Some Houses are Flats.
Some Flats are Bungalows.

Conclusion:

1) No House is Bungalow .
2) Some Houses are not Bungalows.
 One +ve & one – ve statement
means No Conclusion
Statement:
Some Pizza are Cakes.
No Cake is Pastry.

Conclusion:

1) Some Pizza are Pastry .

2) No Pizza is pastry.
 Worksheet

http://bit.ly/SyllogWS

Total Questions: 10
Total Time: 15 min.
Q.1) Statements:

Some masks are chalks.

All chalks are submarines.

Some submarines are chargers.

Conclusion:

I. Some chargers are chalks.

II. Some submarines are chalks.

III. Some submarines are masks.

IV. Some chargers are masks.

(a) All follow

(b) Only II and III follow

(c) Only III follows

(d) Only IV follows

Q. 2) Statements:

All Carrots are birds.

Some telephones are Carrots.

All bedsheets are telephone.

Conclusion:

I. All bedsheet are birds

II. Some bedsheet are birds

III. Some birds are telephone

IV. All telephone are birds

(a) Only I follows

(b) Only II follows

(c) Only I and III follow

(d) Only III follows

Q. 3) Statements:

All Samosas are Jalebi.

All Jalebis are Tikki.

All Tikkis are Barfi.

Conclusion:

I. All Jalebis are Barfi

II. All Tikkis are Samosas

III. All Samosas are Barfi

IV. All Barfi are Jalebi

(a) Only I and II follow

(b) Only I and III follow

(c) Only II and III follow

(d) All follow

Q. 4) Statements:

Most CPUs are keyboards.

No keyboard is a Mouse.

All Mouses are CPU.

Conclusion:

I. Some keyboards are CPU

II. All CPU’s are Mouse

III. No Mouse is a keyboard

IV. Some Mouse are keyboard

(a) Only I follows

(b) Only II and III follow

(c) Only I and III follow

(d) Only II follows

Q. 5) Statements:

No watch is cycle.

No cycle is Motorbike.

Some auto are motorbike.

Conclusion:

I. No Motorbike is watch

II. No motor bike is cycle

III. Some cycles are watches

IV. All Motorbikes are watches

(a) Only III follows

(b) Only I follows

(c) Only I and III follow

(d) None of these

Q. 6) Statements:

Some keys are staplers.

Some staplers are stickers.

All the stickers are pens.

Conclusions:

1. Some pens are staplers.

2. Some stickers are keys.

3. No sticker is key.

4. Some staplers are keys.

(a) Only (1) and (2)

(b) Only (2) and (4)

(c) Only (2) and (3)

(d) Only (1) and (4)

Q. 7) Statements:
All the books are papers.
Some papers are journals.
Some journals are calendars.
Conclusions:
1. Some journals are books.
2. Some calendars are papers.
3. Some books are journals.
4. Some books are calendars.

(a) Only (1)

(b) Only (2)
(c) Only (3)
(d) None of the four
Q.8) Statements:

Some actors are singers.

All the singers are dancers.

Conclusions:

1. Some actors are dancers.

2. No singer is actor.

(a) Only (1) conclusion follows

(b) Only (2) conclusion follows

(c) Either (1) or (2) follows

(d) Neither (1) nor (2) follows

Q. 9. Statements:

Some papers are pens.

All the pencils are pens.

Conclusions:

1. Some pens are pencils.

2. Some pens are papers.

(a) Only (1) conclusion follows

(b) Only (2) conclusion follows

(c) Either (1) or (2) follows

(d) Both (1) and (2)

Q. 10) Statements:

Some dogs are bats.

Some bats are cats.

Conclusions:

1. Some dogs are cats.

2. Some cats are dogs.

(a) Only (1) conclusion follows

(b) Only (2) conclusion follows

(c) Either (1) or (2) follows

(d) Neither (1) nor (2) follows