ALKYN

ALKYNE
•SThese are organic molecules made of the functional group carbon-carbon
triple bonds and are written in the empirical formula of C H
n .
2n−2CnH2n

• They are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Like alkenes have the suffix –ene,
alkynes use the ending –yne; this suffix is used when there is only one
alkyne in the molecule.
• If a molecule contains both a double and a triple bond, the carbon chain is
numbered so that the first multiple bond gets a lower number. If both
bonds can be assigned the same number, the double bond takes
precedence.

• The molecule is then named "n-ene-n-yne", with the double bond root
name preceding the triple bond root name (e.g. 2-hepten-4-yne).
 ALKYNE
•SThe simplest member of the Alkyne series is ethyne, C H , commonly
2 2
called acetylene. The Lewis structure for ethyne, a linear molecule, is:

H C C H
 ALKYNE
S
Systematic Nomenclature: Prefix-Parent-Suffix
Naming Alkynes: Suffix: -yne
Many of the same rules for alkenes apply to
alkynes
1.Number the carbon chain from the end of the
carbon nearest
the triple bond
 ALKYNE
S
2.The alkyne position is indicated by the
number of the alkyne
carbon in the chain
3.Compounds with two triple bonds are
referred to as diynes,
three triple bonds as triynes, etc
 ALKYNE
•SThe IUPAC nomenclature for alkynes is similar to that for alkenes except
that the suffix –yne is used to indicate a triple bond in the chain. For
example:

CH3CH2C CH
butyne
NAME THE FOLLOWING
ALKYNES
ALKYNE
SHere are the molecular formulaschainandalkynes.
names of the first ten carbon straight

Ethyne C 2H 2
Propyne C 3H 4
1-Butyne C 4H 6
1-Pentyne C 5H 8
1-Hexyne C6H10
Note:
1-Heptyne C7H12 The more commonly
1-Octyne C8H14 used name for ethyne
is acetylene, which
1-Nonyne C9H16 used industrially.
1-Decyne C10H18
Name these Alkenes
 RULES IN NAMING
•ALKYNES
1
Find the longest carbon chain that includes both carbons of the triple
bond.

2
• Number the longest chain starting at the end closest to the triple bond. A
1-alkyne is referred to as a terminal alkyne and alkynes at any other
position are called internal alkynes. For example:

4-chloro-6-diiodo-7-methyl-2-nonyne
The IUPAC rules are used for naming alkynes.
 RULES IN NAMING
ALKYNES
3
• After numbering the longest chain with the lowest number assigned to the
alkyne, label each of the substituents at its corresponding carbon. While
writing out the name of the molecule, arrange the substituents in
alphabetical order. If there are more than one of the same substituent use
the prefixes di, tri, and tetra for two, three, and four substituents
respectively. These prefixes are not taken into account in the alphabetical
order. For example:

2,2,10-triiodo-5-methyl-3-decyne
The IUPAC rules are used for naming alkynes.
 RULES IN NAMING
ALKYNES
3
• If there is an alcohol present in the molecule, number the longest chain
starting at the end closest to it, and follow the same rules. However, the
suffix would be –ynol, because the alcohol group takes priority over the
triple bond.

5- methyl-7-octyn-3-ol

The IUPAC rules are used for naming alkynes.

 RULES IN NAMING
ALKYNES
3
• When there are two triple bonds in the molecule, find the longest carbon
chain including both the triple bonds. Number the longest chain starting at
the end closest to the triple bond that appears first. The suffix that would
be used to name this molecule would be –diyne. For example:

4-methyl-1,5-octadiyne

The IUPAC rules are used for naming alkynes.

 RULES IN NAMING
•ALKYNES
4 Substituents containing a triple bond are called alkynyl. For example:

1-chloro-1-ethynyl-4-bromocyclohexane

• Here is a table with a few of the alkynyl substituents:

Ethynyl -C?CH
2- Propynyl -CH2C?CH
2-Butynyl -CH3C?CH2CH3

The IUPAC rules are used for naming alkynes.

 RULES IN NAMING
•ALKYNES
5 A molecule that contains both double and triple bonds is called an
alkenyne. The chain can be numbered starting with the end closest to the
functional group that appears first. For example:

6-ethyl-3-methyl-1,4-nonenyne

The IUPAC rules are used for naming alkynes.

Courtesy: The Organic Chemistry - https://m.youtube.com
TRY THIS!
Draw out the following molecules:

1. 4,4-dimethyl-2-pentyne

2. 4-Penten-1-yne
REFERENCE
• https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/
Organic_Chemistry/
Supplemental_Modules_(Organi_Chemistry)
/Alkynes/Naming_the_Alkynes

The IUPAC rules are used for naming alkynes.