DHCP PROCESS

PRESENTED BY : VINAY INAMDARMATH

What is DHCP ?

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is

a client/server protocol used on Internet Protocol (IP)
networks for automatically assign network configuration
parameters, such as IP addresses, Default gateway, DNS
for interfaces and services.
DORA PROCESS
DORA is the Process that is used by DHCP (Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol). It is used for providing the IP Address to the
clients/host machine. It has four main stages and it obtains the IP
Address from the centralized server.
 D - Discover
 O - Offer
 R - Request
 A - Acknowledge
DHCP Discover - [BROADCAST]
 Discover message is the first message in DORA Process which is used to find out the DHCP
Server in the network.
 The host will send a broadcast Discover the message in the network to find a DHCP Server.
 The packet Address is 255.255.255.255.
 As the host doesn't have any IP Address the IP is 0.0.0.0 as of now.
 The server will use the host's MAC Address to reach out to it.
 Transaction ID: which maintains the specific DHCP session between client-server, which
remains the same during [discover + offer] ] the processes.
 Source IP: 0.0.0.0
 Destination IP: 255.255.255.255
 Source MAC: DHCP Client Machine MAC Address
 Destination MAC: FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
DHCP Offer - [UNICAST]
 When Server Receives the Discover Request then it responds with the DHCP
Offer request to the client.
 This contains the information related to IP Address that and the lease
duration that a host can use.
 It's a unicast message.
 Source IP: DHCP Server IP Address
 Destination IP: 255.255.255.255
 Source MAC: DHCP Server Machine MAC Address
 Destination MAC: DHCP client MAC Address
DHCP Request - [BROADCAST]
 The host receives the Offer packet then it replies back with a Request
message.
 This message tells the server that it's ready to accept the IP Address that the
server Offered.
 This IP is still 0.0.0.0 and the broadcast IP is 255.255.255.255.
 Source IP: DHCP Server IP Address
 Destination IP: 255.255.255.255
 Source MAC: DHCP Server Machine MAC Address
 Destination MAC: DHCP client MAC Address.
DHCP Acknowledge - [UNICAST]
 The server gets the request from the host.
 This message is a reply to the request message to the host.
 It will send the DHCP Acknowledge request to the host along with. Which
will contains the IP Address and the Subnet mask that the Server allowed for
the host.
 Source IP: DHCP Server IP Address
 Destination IP: 255.255.255.255
 Source MAC: DHCP Server Machine MAC Address
 Destination MAC: DHCP client MAC Address.
LEASE RENEWEL PROCESS

 T1: It’s a first timer which start at the 50% of completion of lease period. Client computer submits a
request to renew the lease to the DHCP server. If DHCP server is online then it accept the request
and renew the lease.

Lease renew request (Unicast)

Lease renewal accepted (Unicast)

50 % Lease expired
T2: It’s a second timer which start at 87.5% of completion of lease period. In case
client computer could not renew the lease due to dhcp server unavailable by this
time then client comes to the binding stage and tries to locate new server and tries to
acquire different IP address.
Thank you