Effervescent Sodium Phosphate

Activity 5

BY GROUP 1
JYKA LUMANCAS
LOVELY MAE ANTOY
JOHN CARL TORRES
HAROLD VONN QUIJANO
KIMBERLY FLORES
 Introduction

 Sandoz effervescent tablets provide extra phosphorous for people who have low
phosphorous levels in their blood also known as hypophosphataemia or high
calcium levels in their blood (hypercalcaemia) due to parathyroid gland
overactivity (hyperparathyroidism).

 It is used to empty the colon (large intestine, bowel) prior to a colonoscopy (an
examination of the inside of the colon to look for colon cancer and other
abnormalities) so that the doctor can see the colon walls clearly. Sodium
phosphate belongs to the class of medications known as saline laxatives. It
works by causing diarrhea, allowing the stool to pass through the colon
(NOVARTIS Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty Limited, 2018).
 Figure of chemical formula

Disodium phosphate -------Na2HPO4

To increase mobility through the large intestine, sodium phosphate increases fecal water
content. And it is thought that sodium phosphate works by increasing the amount of
solute in the intestinal lumen, thereby creating an osmotic gradient that draws water
into the lumen. Sodium phosphate is a saline laxative that works by increasing the
amount of fluid in the small intestine. It usually causes a bowel movement within 30
minutes to 6 hours (WebMD).
Materials

Analytical Balance was utilized in the experiment to weigh the reagents.

Mortar and Pestle were used in order to Triturate the Formulation. Oven
was used to heat the ingredients at 100ºuntil dry. Evaporating Dish is
used to contain the ingredients. Sieve (mesh#60) was utilized to
controlling the particle size distribution of a sample. And lastly
Thermometer was used to be able to maintain and monitor the heat of the
oven.
 Reagents

Ingredients Amount Description Functional category

Dried Dibasic Sodium 7.5g -white powder API

Phosphate
-saline laxative

Sodium bicarbonate 17.9g -white crystalline powder Alkalizing agent

-ionic substance

-nonpolar

-neutralized acid

Tartaric acid 10.2g -soluble in water Acidifying agent

-white crystalline solid

Citric acid q.s 37.5g -polar Acidifying agent

 Procedure

Dried dibasic
Tartaric acid Sodium bicarbonate Citric acid q.s
sodium phosphate

Triturate

Reduce
Heat in
liquidity
oven
Or dry out

sieve

Effervescent
Dry Sodium
Phosphate
Results and Discussion
 Discussion

 Prior to formulation, a pre formulation study on the drug and

excipients was performed. And first of which was the preparation of
paper tablets using different acids and bases in different
concentrations.

 The paper tablets were evaluated for various physical parameters such
as thickness, friability, weight, and variation, and the best acid base
combination (Patel, 2018).

 In order to mix the ingredients all of the ingredients were triturated. A

trituration is a weight-based dilution of a potent drug powder with an
inert diluent powder, typically lactose. To maintain an acceptable range
of accuracy, we can then remove a weighable portion (aliquot) of the
mixture containing the desired amount of substance.
 Formulation

Formulation
Dibasic Sodium Phosphate 7.5 g
17.9 g
Sodium Carbonate

Tartaric Acid 10.2 g

37.5 g
Citric Acid

Q.s 15 Tablets

4.8g per capsule of Phosphate supplement

Net wt. 73.1g
 Discussion

 The tablets were prepared in the second step by using various acid base
concentrations.

 In the third step, the tablets were prepared using different methods,
direct compression and paper tabing, with citric acid, tartaric acid,
sodium bicarbonate, and sodium carbonate (Patel, 2018).

 We utilized Block and Divide method in which we were able to divide

the ingredients into 15 separate blocks in order to form the 15 tablets of
the formulation. The block and divide method is where you will place
the entire amount of prepared powder on a flat surface, such as a
porcelain or glass plate, pill tile, or large sheet of paper, and form a
rectangular or square - shaped block of powder with a large spatula
(Triturations & Aliquots. Pharmlabs)
 Results and Discussion

Monosodium phosphate Disodium phosphate

 is a common industrial chemical  The chemical formula for sodium phosphate is

Na2HPO4. Sodium phosphate dibasic, or sodium
produced by neutralizing phosphoric hydrogen phosphate, is another name for it.
acid. Monosodium phosphate has the Disodium phosphate can be found in a variety of
chemical formula 2 NaH2PO4. forms, each with varying amounts of hydrates.
Monosodium phosphate is a common However, all of the different forms are water
soluble. Disodium phosphate, like monosodium
chemical used as an emulsifier and phosphate, can be produced by neutralizing
thickening agent in evaporated milk, phosphoric acid. It is produced as an industrial
animal feed, and toothpaste. chemical by combining dicalcium phosphate and
Monosodium phosphate is also used to sodium bisulfate, which also precipitates calcium
sulfate.
detect magnesium ion salts.
 Disodium phosphate is used to soften water, and
adjust the pH of foods, frequently in conjunction
with trisodium phosphate. The presence of
disodium phosphate helps prevent certain
processed foods from condensing, keeping them
liquid, such as condensed milk.
 Dibasic sodium phosphate and monobasic sodium phosphate are used
as a laxative to clean the bowels prior to certain procedures, such as a
colonoscopy, and is a saline laxative (Nelson, 2019).

 Pharmacodynamics: Sodium phosphate increases fecal water content to

increase mobility through the large intestine

 Mechanism of action: Sodium phosphate is thought to work by

increasing the amount of solute present in the intestinal lumen thereby
creating an osmotic gradient which draws water into the lumen
Packaging
 Learning Evaluation

 Activity 5
 Effervescent Sodium Phosphate

 Learning Evaluation:
 1. Describe the basic type of powder paper.
 -The four basic type of powder paper are the following:
 • Vegetable parchment- a thin semi-opaque moisture-resistant powder.
 • White bond- A opaque paper with no moisture-resistant properties.
 • Glassine- A glazed, transparent moisture-resistant paper.
 • Waxed (PARAFIN)- a transparent waterproof paper.

 2. State possible remedies to employ when problem arise in the preparation of powders.

 Problem: Absorption of moisture from air leading to partial or complete liquefaction.

 Solution:
 A- Applied in a granular form to decrease the expose surface to air.
 B- Packed in a aluminum foil or in a plastic fil packets.
 C- Addition of light magnesium oxide to reduce the tendency to damp.
 D- Addition of absorbent materials.
 3. Enumerate the different mesh sizes from largest to smallest.

 MESH MICRON INCHES

 • 2500 5 0.002
 • 1250 10 0.004
 • 625 20 0.008
 • 400 37 0.0015
 • 325 44 0.0017
 • 270 53 0.0021
 • 230 62 0.0023
 • 200 74 0.0029
 • 140 105 0.0041
 • 100 149 0.0058
 • 80 177 0.0069
 • 70 210 0.0082
 • 60 250 0.0097
 • 50 297 0.116
 • 40 420 0.164
 • 30 590 0.0232
 • 20 840 0.0328
 • 16 1190 0.046
 • 12 1680 0.065
 • 8 2380 0.093
 • 6 3360 0.131
 • 4 4760 0.185
 Conclusion

 Sodium phosphate belongs to the class of medications known as saline laxatives. It

works by causing diarrhea, allowing the stool to pass through the colon (U.S. National
Library of Medicine, 2019). The effervescent technique, which is commonly used in
quick release preparations, can be used as an alternative to develop a dosage form
that can accelerate drug disintegration and dissolution. With the advancement of new
pharmaceutical techniques, effervescent tablets are increasingly being used to modify
drug release behavior, such as in sustained and controlled release preparations,
pulsatile drug delivery systems, and so on (Patel, 2018).

 A combination of sodium phosphate dibasic and sodium phosphate monobasic is used

to clean or empty your bowels prior to a colonoscopy imaging procedure. This
medication works by cleaning your colon and causing diarrhea. This allows your
doctor to see more clearly inside your colon during the colonoscopy (Mayo
Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2022). Trituration is a
pharmaceutical process that reduces the particle size of powders by grinding them
with a mortar and pestle to produce fine powders. The second method is simply to
dilute a potent drug powder with an inert diluent powder such as Dibasic sodium
phosphate.
 References

NOVARTIS Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty Limited. (2018, May 1). Phosphate-sandoz tablets (effervescent tablets). NPS
MedicineWise. Retrieved September 2, 2022, from
https://www.nps.org.au/medicine-finder/phosphate-sandoz-tablets-effervescent-tablets

WebMD. (n.d.). Sodium phosphates oral: Uses, side effects, interactions, pictures, warnings & dosing. WebMD.
Retrieved September 2, 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-11502/sodium-phosphates-oral/details

Nelson, D. (2019, January 16). Sodium phosphate chemical formula and properties. Science Trends. Retrieved
September 2, 2022, from https://sciencetrends.com/sodium-phosphate-chemical-formula-and-properties/

Patel, S. G. (2018, November). Formulation and evaluation of effervescent tablets: A review - researchgate. Retrieved
September 2, 2022, from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330428706_Formulation_and_evaluation_of_effervescent_tablets_a_review

U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2019, March 15). Sodium phosphate: Medlineplus drug information. MedlinePlus.
Retrieved September 3, 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a609019.html

Https://uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/e-learn/profile.php?id=1224. (n.d.). Retrieved September 3, 2022, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341554555_httpsuomustansiriyaheduiqe-learnprofilephpid1224

Triturations & Aliquots. Pharmlabs. (n.d.). Retrieved September 3, 2022, from

https://pharmlabs.unc.edu/labexercises/compounding/triturationsaliquots/#:~:text=liquid%20aliquot
%20method).-,Trituration%20Method,an%20acceptable%20range%20of%20accuracy.
 References
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2022, August 1). Sodium phosphate dibasic and sodium phosphate
monobasic (oral route) description and brand names. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved September 3, 2022, from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/sodium-phosphate-dibasic-and-sodium-phosphate-monobasic-oral-route/
description/drg-20060675#:~:text=Sodium%20phosphate%20dibasic%20and%20sodium%20phosphate%20monobasic
%20combination%20is%20used,more%20clearly%20during%20the%20colonoscopy.

Mathcentrecommunityproject community project. (n.d.). Retrieved September 3, 2022, from

https://www.mathcentre.ac.uk/resources/uploaded/mccp-francis-001-new-style.pdf

Sodium phosphate, dibasic. Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action | DrugBank Online. (n.d.). Retrieved September 3, 2022,
from https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB14502