THE RENAISSANCE AND

REFORMATION
( 1485-1660 CE )
 RENAISSANCE

• The Renaissance took place in the late 15th, 16th and early 17th century.

• Started somewhat earlier in Italy and southern Europe, somewhat later in northern Europe.

• Printing press: Invented by Johannes Gutenberg, it revolutionized the spread of knowledge

and ideas.

• Humanism: A renewed focus on human potential, achievements, and the importance of

individualism.

• The Renaissance (French for "rebirth") was a great revival of art, literature, and learning in
Europe.
THE INVENTION OF THE PRINTING
PRESS

In the early 1450s Johannes Gutenberg, a

German, invented the printing press. His
invention transformed the way information
and ideas were exchanged.

• Printing press was a machine that used

movable metal type to print words on
paper.
• Books no longer had to be copied by hand.
• Books became more numerous, available,
and affordable.
 PROMINENT FIGURES

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

He was an Italian polymath, often
referred to as the epitome of the
"Renaissance Man." Da Vinci was a
painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, MONA LISA
scientist, and inventor.

The last Supper

 Michelangelo (1475-1564)

He was an Italian sculptor, painter, Sistine Chapel

architect, and poet. Michelangelo is best
known for his sculptures, such as the Statue of David

statue of David and the Sistine Chapel.

 REFORMATION

• In 1517 a German monk named Martin Luther began to criticize the Church.

• Martin Luther's split with Rome marks the emergence of Protestantism.

• Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses challenging Catholic Church practices.

• They came to be called protestant churches because they grew out of protest against the
power and abuses of the Roman Catholic Church.

• Religious wars and conflicts, such as the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648).
Martin Luther:

• He was a German theologian, priest,

and professor who is widely regarded
as the catalyst of the Protestant
Reformation. One of the most famous
works of Martin Luther is the "Ninety-
Five Theses."
EARLY TUDOR PERIOD
(1485-1603)
• The War of the Roses ends in England with Henry Tudor (Henry VII) claiming the
throne.

• The Battle of Bosworth (1485): This battle marked the end of the Wars of the
Roses and the beginning of the Tudor dynasty. Henry Tudor, defeated Richard III
and became King Henry VII.
 Henry VII (1485-1509)
• Becomes King of England after winning the Battle of Bosworth.
• The Tudor dynasty began with Henry VII and marked the end of the Plantagenet
dynasty.
• (January 18, 1486) The marriage of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York.
• Henry VII aimed to establish a strong central government, restore law and order,
and rebuild the economy.
• Died in 1509
• The reign of Henry VIII

• Henry VIII ruled England from1509 to1547

• Henry VIII is one of the most well-known Tudor monarchs. His reign was
characterized by his desire for a male heir, which led to his six marriages.
• During Henry VIII's reign, he broke away from the authority of the Pope
and established the Church of England, making himself the head of the
church. This marked the beginning of the English Reformation.
• Henry VIII's Anglican schism creates the first Protestant church in
England.
The reign of Edward VI

• Edward VI ruled England from 1547 to1553, succeeding his father

Henry VIII.
• Edward VI's reign was marked by the influence of his advisors,
particularly the Protestant reformers.-
• England saw significant religious changes, as the country moved towards
Protestantism and away from Catholicism.
• Under the guidance of his advisors, Edward implemented religious
reforms, including the dissolution of monasteries and the introduction of
the Book of Common Prayer.
• Edward VI's health deteriorated in1553, and he died at the age of 15.
The reign of Queen Mary I

• Mary I, also known as "Bloody Mary," was the first queen regnant of
England.
• She married Philip II of Spain, which caused unrest among her
Protestant subjects who feared Spanish influence.
• Her reign was marked by her attempt to restore Catholicism and the
persecution of Protestants.
• Mary's reign was marked by religious persecution, with hundreds of
Protestants burned at the stake for heresy.
• She suffered a series of miscarriages and false pregnancies, which led
to her death in1558 without an heir.
Edmund Spenser (1552-1599)
• Emerges as a notable poet during
this period.
• He was an English poet who lived
during the Tudor period.
 ELIZABETHAN
PERIOD (1558-1603)
 ELIZABETH I (1558-1603)

• Queen Elizabeth ruled England from1558 to1603 during the Elizabethan period.
• Elizabeth's reign is often referred to as the "Golden Age" of England.
• Queen Elizabeth I successfully defends England against the Spanish Armada, preventing a
Spanish invasion and securing England's independence.
• She established religious stability by creating a compromise between Protestantism and
Catholicism, known as the Elizabethan Religious Settlement.
• Elizabeth never married or had children, earning her the nickname "The Virgin Queen.
• The Elizabethan period witnesses a flourishing of English literature and drama, with the
early works of renowned playwrights such as William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe,
Thomas Kyd, and Sir Philip Sidney.
 Galleons

Spanish Armada
William Shakespeare (1564-1616):
Shakespeare is one of the most celebrated
playwrights and poets of all time. He wrote
plays in various genres, including histories,
tragedies, comedies, and late romances.

Famous works include:

• Hamlet ( 1599-1601)
• Romeo and Juliet ( 1595)
Christopher Marlowe:

Marlowe was a contemporary of Shakespeare

and a prolific poet and playwright.

His most famous work is the translation of

Goethe's tale of Dr. Faust, titled The Tragical
History of the Life and Death of Doctor
Faustus (1592)
Thomas Kyd:

Kyd was a playwright who achieved

his greatest theatrical success between
1587 and 1593. Although some of his
works have been lost, he is known for
his play The Spanish Tragedy (1587),
which influenced later revenge
tragedies.
Sir Philip Sidney:

Sidney was a soldier, scholar, English poet, and

courtier, known as one of the greatest prominent
figures of the Elizabethan age.

His notable works include:

Astrophil and Stella (1580), an English sonnet

sequence containing 108 sonnets and 11 songs.
The Lady of May, a one-act play with
allegorical content related to Queen Elizabeth I.
THANK YOU!

-Angel A. Ansaga