Binary Molecular Compounds

A compound composed of only two elements.

A binary compound is a compound formed from

two different elements. There may or may not be
more than one of each element. A diatomic
compound (or diatomic molecule) contains two
atoms, which may or may not be the same.

Binary compound of a metal and a nonmetal are

generally named using ionic rules.
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

We usually name the elements in the order given

in the formula.

Name the first element using the element name.

Name the second element using the element root

+ -ide suffix.
Add a prefix to each name to indicate the number of
atoms of that element. The prefix mono- is used only
when needed to distinguish two compounds of the
same two elements.

The final vowel of the prefix is often dropped when

followed by an element name that begins with a
vowel. Oxygen is the most common example.
N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide (“a” is
dropped)
NO nitrogen monoxide (only one “o”)
(also called nitric oxide)
 Prefixes (Greek)
One (1) mono-
Two (2) di-
Three (3) tri-
Four (4) tetra-
Five (5) penta-
Six (6) hexa-
Seven (7) hepta-
Eight (8) octa-
Nine (9) nona-
Ten (10) deca-
Some compounds have common names that differ
from their systematic names:

H 2S hydrogen sulfide (the “di” is

omitted)
H 2O water
NH3 ammonia

Common names need to be memorized.

 1.What are the names of the following

? compounds?
OF2
S 4N 4
BCl3
2.What are the formulas for the
following binary molecular compounds?
carbon disulfide
nitrogen tribromide
dinitrogen tetrafluoride
? OF2 is oxygen difluoride
S4N4 is tetrasulfur tetranitride
BCl3 is boron trichloride

The formula for carbon disulfide is CS2.

The formula for nitrogen tribromide is NBr 3.
The formula for dinitrogen tetrafluoride is N 2F4.
 TEST 01

Date:04 APRIL 2022.

MONDAY
Time:18:00

Scope :Chapters 1, 2 and 3.

Acids and Corresponding Anions

Oxoacids contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a third

central atom.

To name an acid from its anion name:

1. Change an –ate suffix to –ic.
2. Change an –ite suffix to –ous.
3. Add the word “acid.””

For example:
HNO3 nitric acid
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
Diagram illustrating how to name
oxoacids
Oxoanion Oxoacid
CO32- carbonate H2CO3 carbonic
ion acid
NO2- nitrite ion HNO2 nitrous
acid
NO3- nitrate ion HNO3 nitric acid
PO43- phosphate ion H3PO4 phosphoric
acid
SO32- sulfite ion H2SO3 sulfurous
acid
SO42- sulfate ion H2SO4 sulfuric
acid
Oxoanion Oxoacid
ClO- hypochlorite HClO hypochlorous
ion acid
ClO2- chlorite HClO2 chlorous
ion acid
ClO3- chlorate HClO3 chloric
ion acid

ClO4- perchlorate HClO4 perchloric

ion acid
 Bromine has an oxoacid, HBrO2,

? bromous acid (compare to HClO2,

chlorous acid). What are the name and
formula of the corresponding anion?

The anion corresponding to HBrO2 is

bromite, BrO2-.
Hydrate

A compound that contains water molecules weakly

bound in the crystals.

The formula of a hydrate is written with a dot

before the water molecule(s) included.

For example:
CuSO45H2O
Hydrates are named using the anhydrous (without
water) compound name followed by the prefix for
the number of water molecules included and the
word “hydrate.”

For example:
CuSO45H2O is named
copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate.
 1. A compound whose common name

? is green vitriol has the chemical formula

FeSO47H2O. What is the chemical
name of this compound?

2.Calcium chloride hexahydrate is used

to melt snow on roads. What is the
chemical formula of the compound?
?
1. FeSO47H2O is iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate.

2. The chemical formula for calcium chloride

hexahydrate is CaCl26H2O.
Chemical equation
A chemical equation is the symbolic
representation of a chemical reaction in terms of
chemical formulas.

For example: 2Na + Cl2  2NaCl

Reactants are the starting materials; they are

written on the left of the equation.

Products are the materials at the end of the

reaction; they are written on the right of the
equation.
Because a reaction must accurately describe the
chemical reaction, it must be consistent with the law
of conservation of mass.

When this is not the case, after correct formulas are

written for each reactant and product, the coefficients
are adjusted so that the same number of each atom
is present in both the reactants and the products.

This is called balancing the equation.

For example, the reaction of sodium with chlorine
produced sodium chloride.

First, we determine the correct formula for each

compound.

Sodium is Na.
Chlorine is Cl2.
Sodium chloride is NaCl.
Second, we write the reaction.
Na + Cl2  NaCl

Third, we check the number of each atom on each

side of the equation.

This equation shows two Cl atoms on the reactant

side and only one Cl atom on the product side. To
balance the Cl atoms, we insert a coefficient of “2”
before NaCl on the product side.

Na + Cl2  2NaCl
 Na + Cl2  2NaCl

Now the Na are not balanced: there is one on the

reactant side and there are two on the product side.
To balance Na, we insert the coefficient “2” before
Na on the reactant side.

2Na + Cl2  2NaCl

The reaction is now balanced!

 Balance the following equation:

? CS2 + O2  CO2 + SO2

Tally the number of each atom on each side:

C 1 on reactant side; 1 on product side
S 2 on reactant side; 1 on product side
O 2 on reactant side; 4 on product side

Begin by inserting the coefficient “2” before

SO2 on the product side. We leave O2 until later
because it is an element.
 CS2 + O2  CO2 + 2SO2

Tally the atoms again:

C 1 on reactant side; 1 on product side
S 2 on reactant side; 2 on product side
O 2 on reactant side; 6 on product side

Insert a “3” before O2:

CS2 + 3O2  CO2 + 2SO2
 CS2 + 3O2  CO2 + 2SO2

Tally the atoms again:

C 1 on reactant side; 1 on product side
S 2 on reactant side; 2 on product side
O 6 on reactant side; 6 on product side

The reaction is now balanced!

 Balance the following equation:

? NH3 + O2  NO + H2O
 Balance the following equation:

? C2H5OH + O2  CO2 + H2O

 Other Resources

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