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3 C1 Equations and Inequalities.237033027
3 C1 Equations and Inequalities.237033027
3A
Equations and Inequalities
Simultaneous Equations Example
Solve the following Simultaneous
You need to be able to solve Equations by Elimination
Simultaneous Equations by Elimination.
1 4x 5 y 4 x3 12 x 15 y 12
Remember that the 2 equations can 2 6 x 2 y 25 x2 12 x 4 y 50
also be drawn on a graph, and the
solutions are where they cross.
Subtract
However, this method is less 19 y 38
accurate when we start needing
decimal/fractional answers. y2
Substitute
GENERAL RULE y in to ‘2’
If what you’re cancelling have
different signs, add. If they have the 2 6 x 2 y 25
SAME sign, SUBTRACT!
6 x 4 25
x 3.5
3A
Equations and Inequalities
Simultaneous Equations Example
Solve the following Simultaneous
You need to be able to solve Equations by Substitution
Simultaneous Equations by Rearrange
Substitution. 1 2x y 1 y 2x 1
2 4 x 2 y 30
This involves using one equation to Replace the ‘y’ in equation 2, with ‘2x – 1’
write y ‘in terms of x’ or vice versa.
This is then substituted into the other
equation. 2 4 x 2 y 30
Replace y
4x 2(2 x 1) 30
Expand
4 x 4 x 2 30
8 x 2 30
8 x 28
x 3.5
Sub into 1 or 2
y 8
3B
Equations and Inequalities
Simultaneous Equations Example
You will need the substitution Solve the following Simultaneous
method when one of the equations Equations by Substitution
is quadratic. Re-arrange
1 x 2y 3 x 3 2y
You will end up with 0, 1 or 2 2 x 2 3 xy 10
answers as with any Quadratic.
Replace the ‘x’ in equation 2, with ‘3 – 2y’
99 9 1
33 y
1
x or x 3 y 13 2
13 2
8
y
112 2
y 13
y4
x /13, y =
= -33
/13
-56 x = 3, y = 4 2
112 56
y y
26 13
3C
Equations and Inequalities
Solving Inequalities Example
Find the set of values of x for
You need to be able to solve which:
Linear Inequalities, sometimes
more than one together. 2x 5 7
An Inequality will give a range of
possible answers, rather than 2x 5 7
specific values (like an Equation Add 5
would).
2 x 12
You can solve them in the same Divide by 2
way as a Linear Equation. x6
Only difference: When you
multiply or divide by a negative,
you must reverse the sign
> <
3D
Equations and Inequalities
Solving Inequalities Example
Find the set of values of x for
You need to be able to solve which:
Linear Inequalities, sometimes
more than one together. 5 x 9 x 20
An Inequality will give a range of
possible answers, rather than 5 x 9 x 20
specific values (like an Equation Subtract x
would).
4 x 9 20
Subtract 9
You can solve them in the same 4 x 11
way as a Linear Equation. Divide by 4
x 2.75
Only difference: When you
multiply or divide by a negative,
you must reverse the sign
> <
3D
Equations and Inequalities
Solving Inequalities Example
Find the set of values of x for
You need to be able to solve which:
Linear Inequalities, sometimes
more than one together. 12 3 x 27
An Inequality will give a range of
possible answers, rather than 12 3 x 27
specific values (like an Equation Subtract 12
would).
3 x 15
Divide by 3
You can solve them in the same x 5
way as a Linear Equation. Multiply by -1
x 5 REVERSES THE
Only difference: When you SIGN
multiply or divide by a negative,
you must reverse the sign
> <
3D
Equations and Inequalities
Solving Inequalities Example
Find the set of values of x for
You need to be able to solve which:
Linear Inequalities, sometimes
more than one together. 3( x 5) 5 2( x 8)
An Inequality will give a range of
possible answers, rather than 3( x 5) 5 2( x 8) Expand brackets
specific values (like an Equation (careful with
would). negatives)
3 x 15 5 2 x 16
Add 2x and
You can solve them in the same group
way as a Linear Equation. 5 x 15 21
Add 15
Only difference: When you 5 x 36
multiply or divide by a negative, Divide by 5
you must reverse the sign x 7.2
> <
3D
Equations and Inequalities
Solving Inequalities Example
Find the set of values of x for
You need to be able to solve which:
Linear Inequalities, sometimes
more than one together. 3x 5 x 8 and 5x x 8
An Inequality will give a range of
possible answers, rather than Subtract
3x 5 x 8 5x x 8 Subtract
specific values (like an Equation x x
would). 2x 5 8 4 x 8 Divide
Add 5 by 4
You can solve them in the same
Divide
2 x 13 x 2
way as a Linear Equation. by 2
x 6.5
Only difference: When you
multiply or divide by a negative,
you must reverse the sign
> < -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
x < 6.5
x > -2
2 x 6.5
3D
Equations and Inequalities
Solving Inequalities Example
Find the set of values of x for
You need to be able to solve which:
Linear Inequalities, sometimes
more than one together. x 5 1 x and 15 3x 5 2 x
An Inequality will give a range of x 5 1 x 15 3x 5 2 x
possible answers, rather than Add x Add 3x
specific values (like an Equation 2x 5 1 15 5 5x
would).
Add 5 Minus 5
x3
3D
Equations and Inequalities
Quadratic Inequalities Example
Find the set of values of x for
To solve a Quadratic Inequality, which:
you need to:
1) Solve the Quadratic Equation x2 4x 5 0
2) Sketch a graph of the Equation
3) Decide which is the required set x2 4x 5 0
of values Factorise
( x 1)( x 5) 0
Remember that the solutions x 1 or x 5
are where the graph crosses the x-
axis y
The graph will be u-shaped.
Where it crosses the y-axis does
not matter for this topic
Then think about which area
satisfies the original inequality
x
-1 5