CHAPTER 6

STATISTIC
1
 Construct a Upper boundary
and lower Class
frequency table
boundary Interval

Mean for the

collected data
SUBTOPICS Mod
class

Upper limit and

lower limit
Cumulative
Midpoint Frequency

2
Class Interval
Collected data for the few classes.
Example:

Class 1 – 10 11 – 20 21-30
Interval
+9 +9
+9 +9
+9
Class 20 – 25 26 – 31 32 – 37
Interval
+5 +5 +5
+5 +5

3
 Upper limit
Biggest value in the class
Lower limit
Smallest value in the class

Class Interval Lower limit Upper limit

31 – 35 31 35

36 – 40 36 40

41 – 45 41 45

4
Upper boundary
Upper boundary= ½ (Upper limit for the
current class+ Lower limit in the next class)

Lower boundary
Lower boundary= ½ (lower limit in the
current class+ upper limit in the previous
class)

5
 Class
20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49
Interval

Upper boundary Lower boundary

=midpoint between 29 =midpoint between
and 30 39 dan 40
=29  30 =39  40
2 2
=29.5 =39.5

6
 Size of class interval
Sizeof class interval=Upper boundary-lower
boundary
Example: Find the lower boundary and upper
boundary for class 66 - 70.
Class Interval 61 – 65 66 – 70 71 – 75

Upper boundary Lower boundary

= 70  71 = 65  66
2 =70.5 2 =65.5

5
7
 Mod Class
Class
interval has the highest frequency.
Example: Mod class=40-49

Class
20 – 29 30 – 39 40 – 49 50 – 59 60 – 69 70 – 79
interval
Frequency 3 5 10 8 7 2

Class
40 – 44 45 – 49 50 – 54 55 – 59 60 – 64 65 – 69
interval
Frequen
8 11 9 15 8 5
cy

Mod class=40-49
8
Midpoint of the class
Midpoint of the class
= ½ (lower limit+ upper limit)
Example:

Class interval Midpoint

1–5 1 2 3 4 5 3
6 – 10 6 7 8 9 10 8
11 – 15 11 12 13 14 15 13

9
 Construct a freuqency table
Mark in a quiz competition
12 11 18 19 10 17 21
23 15 25 13 20 11 19
16 19 24 23 14 12 20

Class interval Tally Frequency

10 – 13 llll l 6
14 – 17 llll 4
18 – 21 llll ll 7
22 – 25 llll 4

10
 Mean for collected data
Mean
=Total (midpoint x frequency)
Total frequency
Class Frequency Midpoint Frequency x
interval (f) (x) midpoint(fx)
1–5 3 3 3x3=9
6 – 10 5 8 5 x 8 = 40
11 – 15 10 13 10 x 13 = 130
16 – 20 8 18 8 x 18 = 144
21 – 25 7 23 7 x 23 = 161
26 – 30 2 28 2 x 28 = 56
Total 35 540

Mean =540/35
=15.42 (2 decimal places) 11
Example :
Class interval Frequency (f) Midpoint Frequency
(x) midpoint (fx)
130 – 139 2 134.5 269
140 – 149 2 144.5 289
150 – 159 5 154.5 772.5
160 – 169 11 164.5 1 809.5
170 – 179 8 174.5 1 396
180 – 189 2 184.5 369
Total 30 4 905

Mean =4905/30
=163.50 (2 decimal places)
12
 Cumulative frequency
Class Interval Frequency Cumulative freuqency
1-5 0 0
6 – 10 14 0+14=14
11 – 15 8 14+8=32
16 – 20 20 14+8+20=42
21 – 25 10 14+8+20+10=52
26 – 30 6 14+8+20+10+6=58
31 – 35 12 14+8+20+10+6+12=70

13
 Self-assessment
Identify the lower limit, upper limit, lower
boundary, upper boundary and size of class
interval
Size of
Length Lower Upper Lower Upper
class
(cm) limit limit boundary boundary
interval

31-35

36-40

41-45

14
 Answer
Size of
Length Lower Upper Lower Upper
class
(cm) limit limit boundary boundary
interval

31-35 31 35 30.5 35.5 5

36-40 36 40 35.5 40.5 5

41-45 41 45 40.5 45.5 5

15
Mathematics’ mark for 25 students
52 95 76 61 55
90 58 80 32 70
39 95 45 89 44
91 58 88 76 69
61 80 70 40 98
Complete the frequency table below
Score Tally Frequency
31 – 40
41 – 50
51 – 60
61 – 70
71 – 80
81 – 90
91 – 100
16
 Answer
Marks Tally Frequency
31 – 40 ||| 3
41 – 50 || 2
51 – 60 |||| 4
61 – 70 |||| 5
71 – 80 |||| 4
81 – 90 ||| 3
91 – 100 |||| 4

17


Calculate the midpoint and mean for the frequency

table below. Hence, find the mod class.

Mark Frequency Midpoint Frequency

(f) (x) x midpoint (fx)
40 – 44 8
45 – 49 11
50 – 54 9
55 – 59 15
60 – 64 8
65 – 69 5

Total

18
Answer
Marks Frequency Midpoint Frequency
(f) (x) x midpoint (fx)
40 – 44 8 42 336
45 – 49 11 47 517
50 – 54 9 52 468
55 – 59 15 57 855
60 – 64 8 62 496
65 – 69 5 67 335

Total 56 3 007

Mean :53.70 (2dp) Mod class: 55-59

19
How to draw
Histogram
Frequency polygon
Ogive

20
Draw histogram
Step 1: Find the midpoint of each class
interval

Step 2 : Draw the bar according to the

midpoint and frequency of
each class interval.

21
 Step 1: Find the midpoint of each class interval.

Height, in cm for 40 soldiers

Heights (cm) Frequency Midpoint
150 – 154 3 152
155 – 159 8 157
160 – 164 9 162
165 – 169 6 167
170 – 174 5 172
175 – 179 3 177

22
 Mod Class=160-164

6
Frequency

0
Height (cm)
152 157 162 167 172 177
23
 Mean height of the soldier
Age (years) Frequency Midpoint
150 – 154 3 152
155 – 159 8 157
160 – 164 9 162
165 – 169 6 167
170 – 174 5 172
175 – 179 3
177

Mean
= ( )( )+( )( )+( )( )+( )( )+( )( )+( )( )

= 163.62 cm (2 decimal places) 24

Solve the problem involving histogram
How many percent of soldier who has the
height more than 172 cm.

Solution

53
 100%
40
 20%
25
Frequency polygon
Step 1 : Add a class interval above the first class
interval.
Step 2 : Add a class interval below the last
class interval.
*** The frequency for the added class interval has
zero frequency.
Step 3: Find the midpoint of each class
interval.
Step 4 : Plot the point at the midpoint of each
class interval according to their corresponding
frequency..
Step 5 : Use ruler to combine the point
26
Step 1 : Add a class interval above the first class interval.
Step 2 : Add a class interval below the last class interval.

Age(year) Frequency Midpoint

145-149 0 147
150 – 154 3 152
155 – 159 8 157
160 – 164 9 162
165 – 169 6 167
170 – 174 5 172
175 – 179 3 177
180-184 0 182
27
 Mod class=160-164
9

6
Frequency

0
147 152 157 162 167 172 177 182
28
Height(cm )
Ogive
Step 1 : Add a class interval above the first
class interval.
*** The added class interval has zero
frequency.
Step 2: Find the upper boundary and
cumulative frequency of each class interval.
Step 3 : Plot the point according the their
upper boundary and cumulative frequency..
Step 4 : Connect all the points plotted by
free hand.
29
 Step 2: Find the upper boundary
and cumulative frequency of each
class interval.
Donate Frequency Cumulative Upper
(RM) Frequency boundary

1-5 0 0 5.5
6-10 26 26 10.5
11-15 36
62 15.5
16-20 18
80 20.5
Step 1 : Add21-25 10
a class interval above
90 25.5
the first class interval.10
26-30
100 30.5

30
 First quartile
100 1
  100
4
90  25
 RM 6.5
Cumulative Frequency

80

70
Median
1
60   100
2
 50
50
 RM 12.5
40

30 Third quartile
20 3
  100
4
10  75
 RM 19
0
5.5 10.5 15.5 20.5 25.5 35.5 Money, RM
31
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