LESSON 2: COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE

FORMATION OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF

IGNEOUS ROCKS
Igneous Rocks

Form when lava or magma cools and

minerals crystallize.

Lava is magma that flows out onto the

Earth’s surface.
Igneous rocks can be easily identified
with their texture, density, color, and
mineral composition. Its texture
depends on the shape, size, time period
to cool down and solidify , and the
arrangement of crystals in the rock.
 Characteristics of Igneous
Rocks
The igneous form of rocks does not include any fossil deposits. If
there are any chances of fossils deep inside the crust, it erupts out of
the Earth’s surface and gets destroyed due to the sheer heat these
rocks produce.
Most of the igneous forms include more than one mineral deposit.
They can be either glassy or coarse
These usually do not react with acids.
The mineral deposits are available in the form of patches with
different size.
 Types of Igneous Rocks Textures

Aphanitic: fine-grained,
less than 1 mm, grains not
seen with the unaided eye
Types of Igneous Rocks Textures

Phaneritic: “coarse-
grained”; visible crystals:
1 to 10mm
 Types of Igneous Rocks Textures

Pegmatitic: “very
coarse-grained”; > 1
cm
 Types of Igneous Rocks Textures

Porphyritic: composed of both

large and fine-grained crystals,
and the large crystals are called
phenocrysts, and the
background is the matrix
 Types of Igneous Rocks Textures

Vesicular: rocks that

have vesicles,
resembling a sponge
 Types of Igneous Rocks Textures

Pyroclastic: fragmented,
angular grains ejected
during the eruption
 Types of Igneous Rocks Textures

Glassy: when lava

cools quickly, there is
not enough time for
large mineral
 The two main categories of Igneous Rocks

Intrusive Rock forms  Extrusive Rock forms when

when mama cools and lava cools and outside the
solidifies inside the Earth. Earth crust.
(Intrusive= Inside)  (Extrusive= Exits the Earth)
Thank
You!