Glucose Meter

What is Glucose ?
• Glucose is a simple sugar that provides the
body with its primary source of energy.
• This type of sugar comes from digesting
carbohydrates into a chemical that the body
can easily convert to energy. When glucose
levels in the bloodstream aren't properly
regulated, a person can develop a serious
condition, such as diabetes.
 What is Glucose ?
• This functional form of energy then gets
absorbed through the small intestine into the
bloodstream. It is then carried throughout the
body, providing energy for the person to
perform all types of activities, such as simple
movements, demanding physical exercises or
even thinking.
 Normal blood sugar ranges

• The normal blood glucose level in humans is

about (4 mmol/L or 72 mg/dL)
• The body, when operating normally, restores
the blood sugar level to a range of about 4.4
to 6.1 mmol/L (82 to 110 mg/dL)
• Shortly after eating the blood glucose level
may rise temporarily up to 7.8 mmol/L (140
mg/dL)
How to measure concentration
of glucose in blood
A glucose meter (or glucometer) is a
medical device for determining the
approximate concentration of glucose in
the blood.
 Glucose Meter
• It is a key element of home
blood glucose monitoring (HBGM) by people
with diabetes
 Technology
How it works
• Most glucometers today use an
electrochemical method.
• Test strips contain a capillary that sucks up a
reproducible amount of blood.
• The glucose in the blood reacts with an
enzyme electrode containing glucose oxidase
(or dehydrogenase). The enzyme is reoxidized
with an excess of a mediator reagant.
 Technology
• The mediator in turn is reoxidised by reaction
at the electrode,which generates an electrical
current.
• The total charge passing through the electrode
is proportional to the amount of glucose in the
blood that has reacted with the enzyme.
Block Diagram
Blood glucose monitoring using iPhone
Blood glucose monitoring using iPhone
• A new way to help diabetics record and share
critical health information.
• Over 17.9 million Americans have diabetes, and
they all live with the painful, often thrice-daily
process of using needles to check blood sugar. The
process is clunky and uncomfortable -- and
dangerous due to potential errors. But a new
iPhone-compatible glucometer hopes to change all
that, by improving the blood collection process
while providing an easy way to track data.
Blood glucose monitoring using iPhone
• This new product can actually take blood samples
using a device that plugs right into the iPhone.
• This system replaces less accurate and more
cumbersome stand alone glucometers that do
not store or wirelessly transmit data.
• A small glucometer accurately reads blood sugar
from a strip that a very small sample of blood is
placed on -- "a prick that can hardly be felt”.
 Easy to carry every where and more
portable
• A case can be fitted around the meter that
wraps around the phone, keeping it extremely
handy for users who are on the go. And like a
text message from your body,
a prompt can be programmed into the
phone to serve
as a reminder to check levels.
 Software access
• Using the iPhone app in conjunction with the
monitor also allows the meter to do many
things it could not do alone. Namely, the app
allows the user to input various behavioral or
environmental changes -- skipped a meal,
exercised, recently injected insulin -- and can
track that information along with the blood
sugar levels.
WaveSense diabetes tracking app in this new
glucometer, show how the information is
plotted.
 Software access
• The data stored in the application can be
accessed on the phone or the computer,
allowing the user to always have the
information at hand for a health care provider.
• The data can be programmed to be shared.