Industrial Hydraulics

Visual Aids

Chapter 3
 Power
Tra n s m is s io n

1000

L u b r ic a tio n
750 1250
500 1500
250 1750
2000
0
psi

S e a lin g

C o o lin g

C o n ta m in a n t
Rem oval

C O PY R IG H T C (2001) E ATO N C O R PO R ATIO N

 Fig ure 3-2 C o m p re ssib ility o f flu id s
C O PY R IG H T C (2001) E ATO N C O R PO R ATIO N
1. M icroscopic imperfections in the m ating
surfaces are separated by a film of fluid

2. This prevents metal to m etal contact and

protects the surfaces

Figure 3-3 Full-film lubrication

C O PY R IG H T C (2001) E ATO N C O R PO R ATIO N
 Fig ure 3-4 Bo und a ry lub ric a tio n
C O PY R IG H T C (2001) E ATO N C O R PO R ATIO N
1. Under high pressure operation fluid can
be squeezed from between clearances

Anti-wear additive

2. To prevent m etal to metal contact, the

anti-wear additive package protects the
surfaces and prevents galling and seizure

Figure 3-5 Anti-wear action

C O PY R IG H T C (2001) E ATO N C O R PO R ATIO IN
1. A spool slides back and forth in 2. There is a thin film of oil between
the valve body the spool and valve body

3. This film of oil lubricates and seals the spool within the valve body

Figure 3-6 Fluid helps to seal between com ponents

C O PY R IG H T C (2001) E ATO N C O R PO R ATIO N

 2. The reservoir is heated by
an oil bath
1. Fluid is poured into a
heated reservoir

3. Fluid is allowed to flow

through a precision orifice

60 M L

4. The elapsed tim e for 60 m l

of fluid to pass through the
orifice is m easured

Figure 3-7 Saybolt viscosim eter

C O PY R IG H T C (2001) E ATO N C O R PO R ATIO N
 High VI

Low VI

Fig ure 3-8 The e ffe c t o f im p ro ve d visc o sity ind e x

C O PY R IG H T C (2001) E ATO N C O R PO R ATIO N
 Sum m er W inter
1 0,0 0 0
26 9600

9 00 0
24
22.7
8 00 0
22

20 7 00 0

6 00 0
18
16.8
5 00 0 4800
16
4 00 0
14
12.9
3 00 0
12 2400
2 00 0
10 9.6
1200
1 00 0
8

6 5.7

Fig ure 3-9 SAE visc o sity num b e rs

C O PY R IG H T C (2001) E ATO N C O R PO R ATIO N
 120
110
110

100
K inem atic 90
90
Visc osity
80 74.8
cS t @ 40 deg C
70
61.2
60
50.6
50
41.4
40 35.2
28.8
30
24.2
19.8
20

10

Fig ure 3-10 ISO visc o sity g ra d e s

C O PY R IG H T C (2001) E ATO N C O R PO R ATIO N
 SAE SAE
ISO Gear Crankcase
Centistokes Centistokes Viscosity Viscosity S US SU
Viscosity @ 100 F @ 210 F
@ 100 C @ 40 C Grade Num ber
Num ber
10,000
70 9000
1500 1500 8000
60 7000 300

6000
250 250
50 1000 1000
5000
900
45

40 4000
700 200
680
35 600
3000
500 140
30 460 150

400
2000
25
320
300
1500
20
100
220 50
90
17.5 200 90
1000
900
15 80
150 150 40 800
700
13
70
12 600
85W
11 100 100 30 or 500
90 25W -30
10
80 60
9.0 400
70
68 55
8.0 60
300
80W 20 or
7.0 50 15W -20 50
46
40
6.0 200
5.5 45
32
30
5.0 43
150
4.5
22 75W 10W
4.0 20 100 40
5W
90 38
3.5
15 80

3.0 70
35
10 10 60
2.5

50
M ost com mon viscosity ranges used in industrial system s
Viscosities at various tem peratures assum e 95 VI Oils.

NOTE: Viscosities at various tem peratures are related horizontally. SAE gear and crankcase specifications
are 100 C (212 F) only. Multigrade oil viscosities are not representative at othe tem peratures.

Fig ure 3-11 C o m p a ra tive visc o sity c la ssific a tio n

C O PY R IG H T C (2001) E ATO N C O R PO R ATIO N
 Fig ure 3-12 C o rro sio n o n va ne

C O PY R IG H T C (2001) E ATO N C O R PO R ATIO N

 Fig ure 3-13 Va ne p um p c o rro sio n
C O PY R IG H T C (2001) E ATO N C O R PO R ATIO N
 W AT E R
HWBF
F IR E BASED

R E S IS TA NT

S Y N T H E T IC IN V E R T
E M U LS I O N S

HYD
R A U L IC

F LU ID S O IL
W AT E R
VE G E T A B LE G LY C O L S

BASED

B IO -
DE G R
A D A B LE
S Y N T H E T IC
FLUIDS

Fig ure 3-14 Fluid typ e s typ ic a lly u se d in hyd ra ulic syste m s

C O PY R IG H T C (2001) E ATO N C O R PO R ATIO N