Energy

Learning objectives
• Describe the form of energy.
• Know that energy is conserved, meaning it cannot be created or
destroyed.
• Describe energy transfer using an energy transfer diagram.
• Describe and explain the Sankey diagrams and efficiency
• Explain and apply how both Sankey diagrams and efficiency are useful
in daily life
Types of energy……

Kinetic

Heat GPE

Elastic
Sound
PE
Types of
energy

Light Chemical

Nuclear Electrical
Types of energy…… Energy in a moving
object, eg. A
moving car

Kinetic

Heat GPE

Elastic
Sound
PE
Types of
energy

Light Chemical

Nuclear Electrical
Types of energy…… Energy in a moving
object, eg. A
moving car

Kinetic Energy due to the

height of an
Heat GPE object, eg. A
skier on a slope

Elastic
Sound
PE
Types of
energy

Light Chemical

Nuclear Electrical
Types of energy…… Energy in a moving
object, eg. A
moving car

Kinetic Energy due to the

height of an
Heat GPE object, eg. A
skier on a slope

Energy in a
Elastic stretched or
Sound compressed object,
PE
Types of eg. a spring
energy

Light Chemical

Nuclear Electrical
Types of energy…… Energy in a moving
object, eg. A
moving car

Kinetic Energy due to the

height of an
Heat GPE object, eg. A
skier on a slope

Energy in a
Elastic stretched or
Sound compressed object,
PE
Types of eg. a spring
energy

Energy contained
Light Chemical in food or fuel,
eg. Food and
petrol

Nuclear Electrical
Types of energy…… Energy in a moving
object, eg. A
moving car

Kinetic Energy due to the

height of an
Heat GPE object, eg. A
skier on a slope

Energy in a
Elastic stretched or
Sound compressed object,
PE
Types of eg. a spring
energy

Energy contained
Light Chemical in food or fuel,
eg. Food and
petrol

Nuclear Electrical

Energy in the flow

of electrons, eg.
A battery
Types of energy…… Energy in a moving
object, eg. A
moving car

Kinetic Energy due to the

height of an
Heat GPE object, eg. A
skier on a slope

Energy in a
Elastic stretched or
Sound compressed object,
PE
Types of eg. a spring
energy

Energy contained
Light Chemical in food or fuel,
eg. Food and
petrol

Nuclear Electrical

Energy released Energy in the flow

when the nucleus of electrons, eg.
of an atom splits A battery
Types of energy…… Energy in a moving
object, eg. A
moving car

Kinetic Energy due to the

height of an
Heat GPE object, eg. A
skier on a slope

Energy in a
Elastic stretched or
Sound compressed object,
PE
Types of eg. a spring
energy

Energy given out Energy contained

by any hot object, Light Chemical in food or fuel,
eg. The Sun, light eg. Food and
bulb. petrol

Nuclear Electrical

Energy released Energy in the flow

when the nucleus of electrons, eg.
of an atom splits A battery
Types of energy…… Energy in a moving
object, eg. A
moving car

Kinetic Energy due to the

height of an
Heat GPE object, eg. A
skier on a slope

Energy given out Energy in a

by vibrating Elastic stretched or
Sound
objects, eg. A PE compressed object,
loud speaker
Types of eg. a spring
energy

Energy given out Energy contained

by any hot object, Light Chemical in food or fuel,
eg. The Sun, light eg. Food and
bulb. petrol

Nuclear Electrical

Energy released Energy in the flow

when the nucleus of electrons, eg.
of an atom splits A battery
Types of energy…… Energy in a moving
object, eg. A
moving car

Energy contained Kinetic Energy due to the

in any hot or height of an
warm object, eg. Heat GPE object, eg. A
Burning coal skier on a slope

Energy given out Energy in a

by vibrating Elastic stretched or
Sound
objects, eg. A PE compressed object,
loud speaker
Types of eg. a spring
energy

Energy given out Energy contained

by any hot object, Light Chemical in food or fuel,
eg. The Sun, light eg. Food and
bulb. petrol

Nuclear Electrical

Energy released Energy in the flow

when the nucleus of electrons, eg.
of an atom splits A battery
Page 107
Textbook Page 108
Watch the video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_TWBWiycGI
Bottle racers
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7Aiak2ygOg
Textbook page 111
 Principle of Conservation of Energy
All energy transfers follow the principle of conservation of energy:

Energy cannot be created or destroyed,

just changed in form.
 This means that energy never just ‘disappears’.

 Conservation of energy also means that the total energy in the universe
stays constant.

 The total amount of energy always stays the same,

i.e. the total input energy = total output energy.

 In most energy transfers, the energy is transferred to several different

forms, which may be useful or not useful.

 The energy that is transferred to unwanted forms of energy is wasted.

https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/energy-skate-park-basics
Energy transfer in a television
An energy transfer diagram shows the input energy and the
output energies for a device. This includes all the useful and
wasted forms of energy.
For example, in a television:

light
electrical sound
heat
Energy transfer in a radio
What are the main energy transfers in a radio?
(Don’t forget the wasted energy.)

sound
electrical
heat
Energy transfer in a car engine
What are the main energy transfers in a car engine?
(Don’t forget the wasted energy.)

kinetic
chemical sound
heat
Energy efficiency
• What is energy efficiency?
• What percentage of total input energy is converted to useful output
energy

• Is there a formula to calculate energy efficiency?

How do we visually represent
the energy transfer?
Energy transfer
We can also use a Sankey diagram to show energy transfer
Energy transfer
We can also use a Sankey diagram to show energy transfer

A Sankey diagram makes it easier to see how much input

energy is being usefully employed compared with how much
is being wasted. The thicker the arrow, the more energy it
represents.
 Tracking energy transfers
with Sankey diagrams
Students comprehend the concept of the Sankey Diagram and
learn to interpret different Sankey diagrams to determine energy
efficiency.
Sankey diagrams are a
Sankey diagrams are type of flow diagram in
named after the Irish which the width of the
engineer Captain Matthew arrows is proportional to
H.R. Sankey (1853-1925) the flow rate.
https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=NC8ItrcR2Ak

37
Energy transfer
We can also use a Sankey diagram to show energy transfer

A Sankey diagram makes it easier to see how much input

energy is being usefully employed compared with how much
is being wasted. The thicker the arrow, the more energy it
represents.

USEFUL SOUND ENERGY

ENERGY
USEFUL LIGHT ENERGY
INPUT

WASTED HEAT ENERGY

Eg. Television set

 Calculate
efficiency of the
incandescent
bulb.

39
 Calculate
efficiency of the
incandescent
bulb.

Efficiency = (10/100) x 100 = 10%

The incandescent bulb wastes 90% of the
supplied energy as heat.

40
 Calculate
efficiency of the
fluorescent bulb.

41
 Calculate
efficiency of the
fluorescent bulb.

Efficiency = (75/100) x 100 = 75%

The fluorescent bulb wastes only 25% of
the supplied energy as heat. So it is more
energy efficient than an incandescent
bulb.
42
Calculate
efficiency.

43
 Calculate
efficiency.

Efficiency = (200/250) x 100 = 80%

44
 Calculate
efficiency of the
fluorescent bulb.

45
 Calculate
efficiency of the
fluorescent bulb.

Efficiency = (75/100) x 100 = 75%

The fluorescent bulb wastes only 25% of
the supplied energy as heat. So it is more
energy efficient than an incandescent
bulb.
46
The End