P H IL IP P I N E P O L I T I C S

A N D G OV E R N A N C E
LIBERALISM
ETYMOLOGY

•LIBERAL, LIBERTY, LIBERTARIAN, AND LIBERTINE

ALL TRACE THEIR ETYMOLOGY TO LIBER, A ROOT
FROM LATIN THAT MEANS "FREE".
LIBERALISM
1. A POLITICAL AND SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY THAT
PROMOTES INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, CIVIL LIBERTIES,
DEMOCRACY, AND FREE ENTERPRISE
LIBERALISM

•THE HOLDING OF POLITICAL VIEWS THAT

ARE SOCIALLY PROGRESSIVE AND PROMOTE
SOCIAL WELFARE
LIBERALISM

•INDIVIDUALS ARE BORN EQUAL AND SHOULD

HAVE EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES TO REALIZE THEIR
GOALS
LIBERALISM

•MERITOCRACY
LIBERALISM

•TWIN VALUES OF CONSENT AND

CONSTITUTIONALISM
CONSENT

•FREEDOM OF CHOICE
CONSTITUTIONALISM

•ADHERENCE TO THE RULE OF LAW AND RESPECT FOR

BILL OF RIGHTS
•DEMOCRACY
•US, JAPAN, KOREA AND THE
PHILIPPINES
HEYWOOD (2003)

•INDIVIDUALISM •TOLERATION
•FREEDOM •CONSENT
•REASON •CONSTITUTIONALISM
•EQUALITY
INDIVIDUALISM

•IS THE CENTRAL PRINCIPLE OF LIBERALISM

FREEDOM

•PRINCIPAL ATTRIBUTE OF LIBERAL IDEOLOGY.

•FAITH IS PLACED ON THE INDIVIDUAL
CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

•ARTICLE 19
•EVERY PERSON MUST,
IN THE EXERCISE OF HIS RIGHTS AND IN THE PERFORMAN
CE OF HIS DUTIES, ACT WITH JUSTICE, GIVE EVERYONE HIS
DUE AND OBSERVE HONESTY AND GOOD FAITH.
CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
•ARTICLE 20

•EVERY PERSON WHO, CONTRARY TO LAW, WILLFULLY OR

NEGLIGENTLY CAUSES DAMAGE TO ANOTHER, SHALL INDEMNITY
THE LATTER FOR THE SAME
CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
•ARTICLE 21
•ANY PERSON WHO WILLFULLY CAUSES LOSS OR DAMAGE TO
ANOTHER IN A MANNER THAT IS CONTRARY TO MORALS, GOOD
CUSTOMS, OR PUBLIC POLICY SHALL COMPENSATE THE LATTER
FOR THE DAMAGE.
REASON

•LIBERALS BELIEVE THAT INDIVIDUALS HAVE THE

CAPACITY TO CORRECTLY DECIDE MATTERS CONCERNING
THEIR INTERESTS.
EQUALITY

LIBERALS ARE COMMITED TO POLITICAL

EQUALITY AND LEGAL EQUALITY
TOLERATION

•ASSURES INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY AND SOCIAL

ENRICHMENT
CONSENT

•FORMS THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL

RELATIONSHIPS AND AUTHORITY IN THE MINDS OF
LIBERALS
CONSTITUTIONALISM

•THE GUARANTEE OF RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS

CAN BE ASSURED THROUGH BILL OF RIGHTS
BILL OF RIGHTS

• THE PHILIPPINE BILL OF RIGHTS IS ARTICLE III OF THE 1987 PHILIPPINE

CONSTITUTION. IT DECLARES THE RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES OF FILIPINO
CITIZENS THAT THE CONSTITUTION MUST PROTECT, NO MATTER WHAT.
TYPES OF LIBERALISM
•CLASSICAL LIBERALISM
•MODERN/SOCIAL LIBERALISM
•THOMAS HOBBES AND SOCIAL CONTRACT
•JOHN LOCKE AND LIMITED GOVERNMENT
CLASSICAL LIBERALISM

•COMMITTED TO AN EXTREME FORM OF INDIVIDUALISM

WHICH UNDERSCORES THE SELF-INTEREST AND SELF-
SUFFICIENCY OF HUMAN BEING
SOCIAL LIBERALISM

•IF THERE IS A STATE INTERVENTION, INDIVIDUALS WILL BE

PROTECTED FROM THE SOCIAL EVILS THAT THREATENS
THEIR EXISTENCE.
SOCIAL CONTRACT

THOMAS HOBBES- HE IS THE ENGLISH PROFESSOR

WHO TUTORED KING CHARLES II OF ENGLAND

HE WROTE THE BOOK LEVIATHAN

SOCIAL ORDER
LIMITED GOVERNMENT

WROTE TWO TREATISES OF GOVERNMENT (1689)

THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD ONLY POSSESS LIMITED POWER
AND SCOPE THAT IT CANNOT DESTROY INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY

JOHN LOCKE
QUIZ
P H IL IP P I N E P O L I T I C S
A N D G OV E R N A N C E
CON S E RVAT I S M
CONSERVATISM
•CONSERVATISM IS A CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY THAT SEEKS TO PROMOTE
AND TO PRESERVE TRADITIONAL INSTITUTIONS,
CUSTOMS, AND VALUES.
CONSERVATISM

•CONSERVATIVES THUS FAVOUR INSTITUTIONS AND

PRACTICES THAT HAVE EVOLVED GRADUALLY AND
ARE MANIFESTATIONS OF CONTINUITY AND
STABILITY.
CONSERVATISM

•THE FRAGILE OF “FABRIC SOCIETY” CAN BE

PROTECTED BY PRESERVING THESE INSTITUTIONS
AND VALUES.
CONSERVATISM

•CONSERVATIVES BELIEVE THAT RELIANCE MUST BE

PLACED ON EXPERIENCE AND QUALITY
CONSERVATISM
HEYWOOD (2003) TRADITION
PRAGMATISM AUTHORITY
HUMAN IMPERFECTION
ORGANICISM
HIERARCHY
CONSERVATISM
CONSERVATISM
CONSERVATISM
CONSERVATISM
CONSERVATISM
• Dublin-born UK statesman and political theorist,
was the Father of Modern Anglo-American
conservatism

• He wrote the Reflections on the Revolution in

France

• He held the notion that wisdom is mainly the

result of experience, tradition and history
SOCIALISM
ICS AND GOVE RNANCE
POLIT
• DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM: WHERE PRODUCTION IS MANAGED BY AN
ELECTED ADMINISTRATION AND SOCIAL WELFARE IS PRIORITIZED.

• REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM: WHERE CAPITALISM IS OVERTHROWN

BY A VIOLENT UPRISING AND A SOCIALIST SYSTEM IS ESTABLISHED.

• LIBERTARIAN SOCIALISM: WHERE PRODUCTION IS CONTROLLED BY

WORKERS AND THE STATE IS ABOLISHED OR MINIMIZED.

• MARKET SOCIALISM: WHERE PRODUCTION IS OWNED BY WORKERS

BUT MARKETS ARE USED TO ALLOCATE RESOURCES AND
DISTRIBUTE GOODS.

• GREEN SOCIALISM: WHERE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND

SOCIAL JUSTICE ARE THE MAIN GOALS OF SOCIALISM.