INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM:

MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF

z
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the session you will:

1. Understand the relationship of tourism and hospitality
2. Identify the components of tourism and hospitality
industry
3. Appreciate the importance of tourism and hospitality
What is Tourism?
Tourism is the generic term to cover
both demand and supply that has been
adopted in various forms and used throughout the world.
Tourism is defined as the activities of persons identified as
visitors.

A visitor is someone who is making a visit to a main

destination outside his/her usual environment for less than a
year for any main purpose [including] holidays, leisure and
recreation, business, health, education or other purposes.
TYPES OF TOURISM
TYPES OF TOURISM
• Domestic tourism refers to activities of a visitor
within their country of residence and outside of their
home

• Inbound tourism refers to the activities of a visitor

from outside of country of residence

• Outbound tourism refers to the activities of a

resident visitor outside of their country of residence
 TOURISM AS AN
AREA OF STUDY

 Tourism is a service industry

 Tourism is an experience economy
 Everyday is different
 Tourism is growing
 Tourism is local
 You get to travel
 Tourism is fun
5 IMPORTANCE & ADVANTAGES OF TOURISM

1. Tourism activity creates

demand.
2. Tourism industry value chain
meets & spreads demand
across industries & boosts
more economic activities
3. Tourism requires country's
wholesome development
4. Motivates to reach Global
Standards
5. Tourism induces more
consumption
TOURISM TERMINOLOGIES
1. Attraction − It is a physical or cultural feature of a place that can
satisfy tourists’ leisure-based need.
2. Cultural Heritage − It is an expression of the manner of living
developed by a community and passed on from one generation to the
next. It includes customs, practices, places, objects, artistic
expressions and values.
3. Dark Tourism − (Black or Grief tourism) It is the tourism involving
travel to places historically associated with death and tragedy.
4. Destination − It is a place the tourist visits and stays there for at least
24 hours. The destination supports staying facilities, attractions, and
tourist resources.
5. Ecotourism − It involves maintenance and enhancement of natural
systems such as water, air, woods and forests, and flora and fauna
through tourism.
TOURISM TERMINOLOGIES

6. Excursionist − Persons traveling for pleasure in a period

less than 24 hours
7. Foreign Tourist − Any person visiting a country, other than
that in which he/she usually resides, for a period of at least 24
hours.
8. Hiking − A long and vigorous walk on the trail.
9. Intermediaries − They are the intermediate links between
the form of goods and services tourists do not require and the
form of goods and services the tourists demand.
10. Itinerary − A documented plan of the tour.
TOURISM TERMINOLOGIES

11. Leisure − The free time when obligations are at a

minimum and one can relax.
12. Recreation − The activities carried out during leisure time.
13. Site − It is a particular place bound by physical or cultural
characteristics
14. Skiing − It is a recreational activity and competitive winter
sport in which the participant uses skis to glide on snow.
15. Snorkeling − It is the practice of swimming on or through
a water body while being equipped with a diving mask
composed of a shaped tube called a snorkel.
TOURISM TERMINOLOGIES
16. Terrain − It is a stretch of land, especially with regard to its physical
features.
17. Tourism Carrying Capacity − The maximum number of people that
may visit a tourist destination at the same time, without causing
destruction of the physical, economic, socio-cultural environment, and an
unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors' satisfaction.
18. Travel − The act of moving outside one's home community for
business or pleasure but not for commuting or traveling to or from usual
places.
19. United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) − It is the
United Nations (UN) agency responsible for the promotion of responsible,
sustainable, and universally accessible tourism. 20. Visitor − A non-
residential person visiting the place.
21. WTO − World Tourism Organization.
COMPONENTS OF TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY

Four Segments of the Hospitality Industry

1. Food and Beverages

2. Travel and Tourism
3. Lodging
4. Recreation
5 Main Components of a Better Tourism Product
1. Attractions: These elements within the destination’s (tourism
product) environment, independently and/or integrated form, succor
as the principal motivation for tourists. Attractions comprise natural
attractions (landscape, seascape, beaches, and climate), built
attractions (historic and /or new townscape as in newly built resorts
and purpose-built attractions such as theme parks), cultural
attractions (presentation of history and folklore organized as festivals
and pageants, museums, theatre), and social attractions
(opportunities to meet with, or encounter the residents of destinations,
and experience their lifestyle, to some extent).
However, for business and other nonleisure visitors, such as visits to
friends and relatives, the primary motivation is provided by their affinity
and alliance with the destination, while the leisure attractions may still be
an influence.
5 Main Components of a Better Tourism Product
2. Accessibility: Access is a subject of transport infrastructure and
transport technology. Whilst transport infrastructure includes airports,
harbors, motor ways and rail networks, transport technology becomes
important in the form of costs of travel and the time consumed in
reaching the destination. Therefore, accessibility can be specified in
terms of the extent of comfort or hassle with which visitors can reach the
destinations of their liking. The three critical factors in transportation –
cost, convenience and speed – affect the success of every destination or
tourism product, even if it is intended to be highly exclusive. For most
tourists, the choice of travel mode is guided by the choice of destination.
Once again there are attractions of particular modes, including
convenience, comfort and perhaps speed, as well as ‘distractions’ such
as safety, and the same constraints of time and cost.
5 Main Components of a Better Tourism Product
3. Destination Facilities/Amenities: Destination facilities imply
the elements within the destination or linked to it, and facilitate the
tourists’ stay at destinations and their partaking in the tourist
activities. Facilities are purpose-built around the needs and wants
of the potential visitors from targeted segments in quantities
identified by market feasibility studies. These facilities subsume
accommodation (all types), restaurants, cafes and bars, transport
at the destination (car rentals and taxis) and other ancillary
services such as retailing, visitor information etc. Nevertheless,
there is surely some overlapping between attractions and facilities.
For instance, a resort develops into an attraction in its own right;
nonetheless its capital business is to cater facilities and should be
categorized as such.
5 Main Components of a Better Tourism Product
4. Images An image typically reflects the intrinsic qualities of the
tourism product, its design, quality, style of attractions, and its built and
social environment. For conceiving the total tourism product from
consumers’ viewpoint, the natural focus moves to images of products.
Images are a characteristic of all forms of tourism product meaning the
perceptions i.e., ideas and beliefs tourists (actual and potential) hold
about the products they invest in. Images are, in fact, significant in the
sense that they affect the buyer’s behavior. Tourism product images are
not given to be based on personal experience but on the information
gathered from the tourist organizations and the tourists who have
experienced it earlier. Images are, indeed, very potent and telling
motivators in holiday- choice. These are the logical focus for tourism
product marketing to uphold, adapt or create fitting images to influence
potential tourists’ expectations
5 Main Components of a Better Tourism Product

5. Price -is a function of the attractions and facilities

provided, with a range of prices according to the needs of
target visitor segments. Price is the sums total of the costs on
product elements such as travel, accommodation and
involvement in a range of selected services at the destination.
Price of the tourism product is not static but changes by the
physical distance travelled, nature of accommodation (deluxe
or economy), season of the year (peak-time and lean/off-peak
time), and the types of activity opted for.
 Globalization and the production and
consumption of tourism
1. Global Mobility and Ease of travel

The advances made in transportation that have enabled global

mobility are particularly significant. Modern aircraft, cruise ships,
trains, and other modes of transport allow people to move quickly
and relatively cheaply. Aircraft such as the Boeing 787 Dreamliner
have opened new routes by creating an aircraft capable of flying
“long haul” distances with a larger passenger load. Fast trains, road
systems, and even city bike rental programs enable people to
move, tour, and explore the world. These changes have allowed
more people to travel more often in less time.
 Globalization and the production and
consumption of tourism
2. Population and Demographic Trends

According to the United Nations Population Fund (2015), the world

population reached 7 billion in 2011 and is projected to exceed 9 billion by
2050. The population continues to increase, but not uniformly across the
world. Birth and death rates are vastly different between developed and
developing nations (Population Reference Bureau, 2013). In the developed
world, there are more older citizens (over 60 years old) than there are
children (under 14). This ratio, which first tilted in favor of older people in the
late 1990s, is increasing (Business Insider, 2014). In contrast, in the
developing world, this is not expected to occur until the middle of this century.
This demographic divide is expected to widen between the richer and poorer
countries of the world in the near future before possibly trending together in
40 or 50 years.